基于财政支持的我国政策性农业保险制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 07:44

本文关键词： 政策性农业保险财政支持发展模式再保险制度　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国《农业保险条例》已经于2012年国务院常务会议通过,2013年3月开始施行。农业保险制度在我国已经有80多年的发展历史,中国农业保险长期以来由于缺乏政策层面的制度供给,一直无法摆脱“需求不足,供给有限”的失灵状态。冯文丽指出农业保险供给具有的信息不对称、系统性风险和双重正外部性的特点是失灵状态最根本的原因。在总结历史经验教训的基础上,我国从2004年开始,在各个省市地方进行政策性农业保险试点,探索我国农业保险发展之路。本文横向对现阶段我国各试点的政策性农业保险制度的发展状况进行了对比研究,发现政府补贴农户投保保费和财政支持农业保险经营机构是非常重要的。在此基础之上,进一步对现阶段各地试点政策性农业保险发展过程中的运行机制、财政扶持状况和发展现状进行研究和总结,归纳出了我国各地政府对农业保险制度的财政扶持法律形式。并概括了财政扶持对各保险试点模式发展现状和前景的影响。安盟模式没有得到政府的财政支持,发展前景不好,业务拓展缓慢,退出了许多农险领域,其他五种试点模式得到政府财政支持的保险模式得到了较好的发展,前景乐观。总结我国农业保险财政支持存在的问题发现：目前我国各地对农业保险的财政扶持基本还是以对农户的保费补贴为主,只有少数地区建立了农业保险准备金制度和农业巨灾风险防范机制。与农业保险制度完善的发达国家相比较,我国财政在扶持农业保险的发展过程尚有许多问题和不足：我国对保险机构的管理费用补贴鲜有,财政扶持农业保险发展的法律形式单一、没有形成合力作用；财政扶持的力度小、水平低,大多数地区停留在“保收入”而不是“保产值”的层次,且地区之间由于经济发展水平不同财政扶持差异大；我国政策性农业保险的发展没有立法层面的法律规范,政府财政扶持农业保险的发展缺乏有效的法律根据,影响财政扶持的效力等。通过研究农业保险制度较为完善的发达国家通过哪些形式支持农业保险发展,可以总结出五种完善我国财政支持农业保险发展的法律形式。针对我国财政支持农业保险的发展中存在的这些问题,应该在已有经验的基础上继续坚持财政扶持政策性农业保险发展的道路,不断使我国财政扶持农业保险发展的法律形式多样化,使各种扶持方式综合起来,建立农业保险准备金制度和巨灾风险防御机制,完善再保险制度,共同促进农业保险的发展。并且随着经济和政府财政能力的上升,不断提高财政扶持水平,缩小地区之间的差异,更好的保障贫困地区农民的利益；为财政支持农业保险的发展提供立法上的法律依据,不断完善财政扶持过程中的监督制度,提高透明度,让政府财政更加有效率的为农业发展服务。
[Abstract]:The regulations on Agricultural Insurance in China were adopted by the Executive meeting of the State Council on 2012 and came into effect on March 2013. The agricultural insurance system has been developing for more than 80 years in China. For a long time, due to the lack of institutional supply at the policy level, China's agricultural insurance has been unable to get rid of the malfunction of "insufficient demand and limited supply." Feng Wenli pointed out that the supply of agricultural insurance has asymmetric information. The characteristics of systemic risk and dual positive externality are the most fundamental causes of failure. On the basis of summing up the historical experience and lessons, China began to carry out policy-oriented agricultural insurance pilot projects in various provinces and cities in 2004. To explore the development of agricultural insurance in China. This paper makes a comparative study on the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance system in various pilot projects in China at this stage, and finds that it is very important for the government to subsidize the insurance premiums of farmers and the financial support for agricultural insurance management institutions. To further study and summarize the operating mechanism, financial support and current development situation of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in various localities at this stage. This paper sums up the legal forms of financial support to the agricultural insurance system by the governments of all parts of our country, and summarizes the influence of the financial support on the present situation and prospects of the development of the various pilot modes of insurance. The UNITA model has not received financial support from the government, and the development prospects are not good. The business expansion is slow and many agricultural insurance fields have been withdrawn. The other five pilot models supported by government finance have been developed better and the prospects are optimistic. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the financial support of agricultural insurance in our country and finds out that the financial support for agricultural insurance in various parts of our country at present is mainly based on the premium subsidy to farmers. Only a few regions have established an agricultural insurance reserve system and an agricultural catastrophe risk prevention mechanism. Compared with developed countries with perfect agricultural insurance systems, There are still many problems and deficiencies in the development process of supporting agricultural insurance in our country: there are few subsidies for the management expenses of insurance institutions in our country, and the legal form of financial support for the development of agricultural insurance is single, which does not form a resultant force; The intensity of financial support is small and the level is low. Most regions stay at the level of "guaranteed income" rather than "guaranteed output value", and there are great differences between regions because of different economic development level. The development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in our country has no legal norms at the legislative level, and the development of agricultural insurance supported by government finance lacks effective legal basis, which affects the effectiveness of financial support, etc. By studying the forms through which developed countries with more perfect agricultural insurance systems support the development of agricultural insurance, We can sum up five legal forms of perfecting the development of agricultural insurance supported by finance in our country. In view of these problems existing in the development of agricultural insurance supported by finance in our country, We should continue to adhere to the road of financial support for the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on the basis of our existing experience, constantly diversify the legal forms of our country's financial support for the development of agricultural insurance, and integrate various forms of support. Establishing the reserve system of agricultural insurance and the mechanism of preventing catastrophe risk, perfecting the reinsurance system, promoting the development of agricultural insurance, and increasing the level of financial support with the increase of economic and government financial capacity, Narrow the differences between regions, better protect the interests of farmers in poor areas, provide a legislative basis for the development of financial support for agricultural insurance, continuously improve the supervision system in the process of financial support, and enhance transparency. To make government finance more efficient for agricultural development.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.66;F812.45

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