全球巨灾趋势及其对世界保险业的影响

发布时间：2018-03-03 10:43

本文选题：巨灾发展趋势　切入点：世界保险业变化　出处：《西南民族大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着温室效应不断加剧，全球气候异常，板块运动愈发活跃，SARS、H7N1等新型病毒不断变异，传染能力大大增强，各种巨灾接踵而至，，全球自然灾害事件呈现出快速增长的态势，所造成的人员伤亡和经济损失也越来越严重。仅2013年平均每月就有13起巨灾事件发生，平均84人遇难，并造成4.55亿美元的经济损失，全人类正遭遇更加严峻的考验。面对如此严峻的形势，世界各国多通过财政转移的途径进行灾后重建，以期尽快恢复经济和社会发展。但面对巨灾损失，政府财政资金数量相当有限，各国政府对事后抢险救灾频感力不从心。近30年来，以事前的防灾减灾为核心的市场化保险逐渐被接受，其作用与地位得以快速提升。本文通过分析和判断认为，全球巨灾总体呈现高发趋势，其造成的经济损失和人员伤亡情况越来越严重。在此影响下，世界保险业不断推出针对不同灾害类型的巨灾保险，并借力资本市场开发出各种巨灾保险证券，同时建立了不少新型经营机构。保险运作模式也由原来单一的市场化经营模式，发展到政府主导模式、市场主导模式、政府与市场结合模式三种并存。巨灾保险资金运用也谨慎性地选择固定收益类产品进行投资。另外，由于巨灾损失的区域分布特征，巨灾保险所属的非寿险产业呈现出非均衡发展，以欧洲、北美、亚洲为首的三个地区占据全球90%以上的非寿险保费收入。巨灾影响下世界保险业的上述变化为我国将保险机制纳入巨灾风险管理体系提供了启示。本文认为我国应加快建立巨灾保险体系，其应注意以下几点：第一，政府的参与和支持是建立巨灾保险制度的重要前提；第二，应当充分发挥市场机制作用；第三，巨灾保险应实行差异化费率，并设置免赔额或免赔率，对被保险人只提供基本生活保障；第四，巨灾保险资金运用应首先考虑资产的流动性和安全性；第五，充足的资金及完善的风险分散机制是巨灾保险长久经营的必要保障。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the aggravation of Greenhouse Effect and the abnormal global climate, the plate movement has become more and more active and new viruses, such as Sars SHR H7N1, have been mutating, and the ability to infect them has been greatly enhanced, and a variety of catastrophic disasters have followed. In 2013 alone, an average of 13 catastrophic events occurred every month, with an average of 84 people killed and 455 million US dollars in economic losses. All mankind is facing a more severe test. In the face of such a severe situation, the countries of the world carry out post-disaster reconstruction through the means of financial transfer in order to restore economic and social development as soon as possible. But in the face of catastrophic losses, The amount of government financial funds is quite limited, and the governments of various countries are unable to cope with the frequent emergency and disaster relief after the event. In the past 30 years, market-oriented insurance with the core of disaster prevention and mitigation in advance has gradually been accepted, and its role and status have been promoted rapidly. Based on the analysis and judgment, it is concluded that the global catastrophe has a trend of high incidence, and the economic losses and casualties caused by it are becoming more and more serious. Under the influence of this, the insurance industry in the world has continuously introduced catastrophe insurance for different types of disasters. At the same time, many new management institutions have been established. The operation mode of insurance has also developed from a single market-oriented operation model to a government-led mode and a market-oriented mode. The use of catastrophe insurance funds is also carefully selected for investment in fixed income products. In addition, due to the regional distribution characteristics of catastrophe losses, Catastrophe insurance belongs to the non-life insurance industry showing uneven development, with Europe, North America and Asia leading the three regions to account for more than 90% of the world's non-life insurance premium income. The above changes in the world insurance industry under the influence of catastrophe provide enlightenment for our country to bring the insurance mechanism into the catastrophe risk management system. This paper holds that China should speed up the establishment of catastrophe insurance system, which should pay attention to the following points: first, Government participation and support is an important prerequisite for the establishment of catastrophe insurance system; second, the role of market mechanism should be brought into full play; third, catastrophe insurance should implement differentiated rates and set deductible or exempted rates. 4th, the use of catastrophe insurance funds should first consider the liquidity and security of assets; 5th, adequate funds and perfect risk dispersal mechanism is the necessary guarantee of catastrophe insurance long-term management.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F841.34

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