经济转型国家养老保险的指标分析

发布时间：2018-03-17 07:36

本文选题：养老保险　切入点：经济转型国家　出处：《上海工程技术大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：养老保险是社会保障的一个重要内容,事关经济发展和稳定大局。所谓养老保险是国家和社会根据一定的法律和法规，为解决劳动者在达到国家规定的解除劳动义务的劳动年龄界限，或因年老丧失劳动能力退出劳动岗位后的基本生活而建立的一种社会保险制度。20世纪80年代末，东欧国家经历了政治和经济体制上的剧变，从高度集中的计划经济体制转向市场经济体制，传统的养老金制度在新的社会政治经济形势下显然已不能适应。与此同时，东欧国家进入了老龄化社会，据预测未来（从2010年）20年人口老龄化速度最快的国家就位于东欧。一方面老年人口越来越多，另一方面人均寿命不断延长，这势必将对其养老金制度造成压力。为了解决这些问题，，东欧国家必然要对其养老金制度进行改革。中国也属于计划经济向市场经济转型的国家，在没有达到发达国家的经济水平之前，就出现了人口老龄化，特别是2030年后老龄化将会达到高峰，再加上我国城乡二元经济结构明显，正式的社会养老保险制度覆盖面小，养老保障的压力亦可想而知。因而，研究东欧个国家养老金制度改革的动因和特点。本文着重用指标分析阐明经济转型国家养老保险的基本原理、关健指标及主要影响因素,说明经济转型国家选择混合制养老保险的必要性,提出了对养老保险现行的一些指标值加以改进的建议。本文简要介绍了对公共财政的转型国家的人口趋势及其影响。此外，还介绍了养老金改革已经进行了多支柱养老金制度改革的影响，对资本市场的发展。发现，转型国家比同类新兴市场经济体面临更为严峻的人口压力。因此，他们的政府财政，以应付公共社会保障制度的一个上升的压力。我们认为，多支柱养老金改革不是万能的，对于这个问题。多柱系统是昂贵的介绍，作为退休金供款，以前用于资助公共养老金负债的转移获资助的支柱。他们还改变档案的养老金计划的风险，风险分担的代际公共体系所取代，通过金融市场的风险分担。参数的公共养老金制度的改革仍然是一个可行的政策选择。参量式改革的必要性，强调强制性养老基金的资产分配，在转型国家中的数据，显示出多元化的资产有限，可能会破坏对财政可持续性的多柱改革的实际影响。
[Abstract]:Pension insurance is an important part of social security, which is related to the overall situation of economic development and stability. The so-called endowment insurance is based on certain laws and regulations of the state and society. A social insurance system established to address the basic life of workers after reaching the working age limit set by the State for the discharge of their labour obligations, or after they have withdrawn from work because of their old age, and the end of 80s of the 20th century, The countries of Eastern Europe have undergone dramatic changes in political and economic systems, from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy, and the traditional pension system is obviously unable to adapt under the new social, political and economic situation. Eastern European countries have entered an aging society, and the countries that are expected to have the fastest ageing population in the next 20 years (from 2010) are in Eastern Europe. On the one hand, the elderly population is growing, and on the other hand, life expectancy is increasing. In order to solve these problems, Eastern European countries are bound to reform their pension systems. China is also a country in the transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Before reaching the economic level of developed countries, there has been an aging population, especially after 2030, the aging will reach a peak. In addition, the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas in China is obvious, and the coverage of the formal social old-age insurance system is small. Therefore, the study of the causes and characteristics of pension system reform in Eastern European countries. In this paper, the basic principles, key indicators and main influencing factors of old-age insurance in countries with economies in transition are expounded by means of index analysis, and the necessity of choosing mixed pension insurance in countries with economies in transition is explained. Some suggestions to improve the current index value of endowment insurance are put forward. This paper briefly introduces the demographic trend and its impact on the public finance in the countries in transition. In addition, it also introduces the impact of pension reform on the development of the capital market and the impact of the reform of the multi-pillar pension system on the development of the capital market. Countries in transition face more severe demographic pressures than their counterparts in emerging market economies. Therefore, their government finances to cope with a rising pressure on public social security systems. We believe that multi-pillar pension reform is not a panacea. For this problem. The multicolumn system is an expensive introduction as a pension contribution, previously used to fund the transfer of public pension liabilities to the funded pillars. They also change the risk of archived pension plans. Instead of the intergenerational public system of risk-sharing, the reform of parameterized public pension systems remains a viable policy option through risk-sharing in financial markets. The emphasis on mandatory pension fund asset allocation, data in transition countries, shows that limited diversification of assets could undermine the real impact of multi-pillar reforms on fiscal sustainability.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.67

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