21世纪以来欧洲典型国家养老金制度改革比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 19:15

本文选题：欧洲　切入点：养老金制度改革　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自20世纪中叶以来,无论是在发达国家还是发展中国家,养老问题都是亟需解决的一个难题。由于经济全球化带来的宏观经济的变化以及人口老龄化带来的“银色浪潮”,使得现代国家的养老金制度愈发不适应不断变化的外部环境。因此,许多国家通过不同的路径对其养老金制度进行了改革。欧洲作为社会保障的发源地,拥有较为成熟的养老金体系,其改革一直走在世界的前列。进入21世纪以来,欧洲的社会结构、经济环境遭遇了重大变化。金融危机以及不断深化的人口老龄化对欧洲各国的养老金制度产生了严峻的冲击。特别是欧洲主权债务危机,将养老金制度推到了风口浪尖。欧洲国家在面对人口老龄化和金融危机的冲击下,究竟是如何进行改革?不同模式的国家在养老金制度改革中采用了怎样的路径方案?文章截取其中三个典型国家的养老金改革进行分析,分别是英国、德国和希腊。这三个国家都是欧洲养老金制度的典型代表。通过参考、分析养老金改革的文献与资料,文章对欧洲典型国家——英国、德国和希腊的养老金制度改革进行研究,分析养老金制度改革的趋势和动因,并且对改革成效进行衡量评价。本研究通过整理欧洲典型国家养老金制度改革的历史进程与最新的动态发展,梳理欧洲典型国家养老金改革的异同点,为我国政府在养老金改革中的角色定位提供参考。文章认为目前养老金改革的发展趋势是强调在人口结构冲击和金融危机冲击下制度的稳健性；强调私有化之下的公平性；通过财政方面的改革,开源节流,建立可持续财政。而我国在制度设计初期也应该遵循这样的思路,应坚持多支柱的改革方向,鼓励职业养老金和个人养老金的发展；应强化多弱势群体的扶持力度,在发达地区试点多支柱改革的同时,加强对落后地区、弱势群体的扶持力度；应保证财政的可持续性,最大程度上保证其资金、财政和经济的长期活力和可持续性。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of 20th century, in both developed and developing countries, The pension problem is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. Due to the macroeconomic changes brought by economic globalization and the "silver wave" brought by the aging population, the pension system in modern countries is becoming more and more inadaptable to the constant changes. Therefore, Many countries have reformed their pension systems in different ways. Europe, the birthplace of social security, has a more mature pension system, and its reform has been in the forefront of the world. Since 21th century, Europe's social structure and economic environment have undergone major changes. The financial crisis and the deepening ageing of the population have had a severe impact on European pension systems, especially the European sovereign debt crisis. The pension system has been pushed to the head. How are European countries going to reform in the face of an ageing population and a financial crisis? What path schemes have been adopted by countries with different models in pension system reform? This paper analyzes pension reform in three typical countries, namely, Britain, Germany and Greece. These three countries are typical representatives of European pension system. This paper studies the reform of pension system in Britain, Germany and Greece, and analyzes the trend and motivation of pension system reform. This study collates the historical process and the latest dynamic development of pension system reform in typical European countries, combs the similarities and differences of pension reform in typical European countries. The paper points out that the development trend of pension reform is to emphasize the stability of the system under the impact of population structure and financial crisis, to emphasize the fairness of privatization, and to provide a reference for the role of our government in pension reform. Through the reform of finance, increasing income and reducing expenditure, and establishing sustainable finance, our country should follow this way of thinking in the early stage of system design, should adhere to the direction of multi-pillar reform, encourage the development of occupational pension and individual pension; We should strengthen the support of the multi-vulnerable groups and strengthen the support for the backward areas and the vulnerable groups while piloting multi-pillar reforms in the developed regions, and ensure the financial sustainability and, to the maximum extent, the funds of the disadvantaged groups. Long-term financial and economic viability and sustainability.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F841.67

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