沈阳市老年护理保险需求及模式构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 05:23

本文选题：老年护理保险　切入点：老年护理需求　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：老龄化已经成为世界性难题，一些国家都相继步入老龄化社会，随之而来的是各国老年人口长期护理负担的不断增大，部分国家选择发展老年护理保险来缓解这一难题，以美国为代表的商业性老年护理保险和以德国、日本为代表的社会性老年护理保险是其中的主要模式。随着我国社会经济的发展，医疗技术的不断提高，人们的平均寿命逐渐延长，老年人口在总人口中所占比重逐渐增加。老年人口增长的同时，老年人的健康状况却不容乐观，老人对疾病的抵御能力差，容易患有各种老年性疾病，并且这些病的发病率呈现上升的趋势，，老人需要照顾的时间越来越长。目前老人的护理一般由家庭、主要是中年人承担，中年人不仅要赡养老人，同时也要抚养下一代，而且还担任着工作的主要职责，这使得老人护理产生大量的问题。随着我国计划生育政策的实施，家庭结构明显出现了小型化倾向，而越来越多的子女选择外出打工留老人独自居住或者与父母分居，空巢家庭与空巢老人的数量明显增加，这使得老年护理工作压力越来越大，如果老年护理工作完全依靠养老机构和医疗机构，各种老年护理费用支出昂贵，这从财力上给家庭带来沉重的负担。因此，老年护理保险的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文通过对沈阳市老年人口现状，家庭结构变化，医疗护理费等方面进行研究，论述老年人对老年护理的需求原因、需求内容，并根据沈阳市统计年鉴和调查问卷所得数据，分析沈阳市老年护理保险需求现状以及未来趋势，提出构建沈阳市老年护理保险的初步设想，并对老年护理保险缴费率进行初步的测算。通过介绍日德两国社会性护理保险及美国商业性护理保险制度模式的发展经验，总结对沈阳市构建老年护理保险的启示，提出关于构建适应沈阳市的老年护理保险的政策建议，以更好的提高老年的生活质量，减轻老年护理给社会和家庭带来的经济和精神负担，进一步完善我国社会保障体系。
[Abstract]:Aging has become a worldwide problem, some countries have entered the aging society, followed by the increasing burden of long-term care of the elderly population in various countries, some countries choose to develop old-age care insurance to alleviate this problem. The commercial old-age care insurance represented by the United States and the social old-age care insurance represented by Germany and Japan are the main models. The average life expectancy of people gradually increased, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population gradually increased. While the elderly population grew, the health status of the elderly was not optimistic, and the old people's ability to resist diseases was poor. Older people are vulnerable to a variety of age-related diseases, and the incidence of these diseases is on the rise, and older people need to be cared for longer and longer. At present, nursing care for the elderly is generally undertaken by the family, mainly middle-aged people. Middle-aged people not only support the elderly, but also support the next generation, and also assume the main duties of work. With the implementation of the family planning policy in China, the family structure has shown a tendency of miniaturization, and more and more children choose to live alone or live apart from their parents. The number of empty-nest families and empty-nesters has increased significantly, which has put more and more pressure on geriatric care. If geriatric care is entirely dependent on old-age institutions and medical institutions, the cost of various kinds of geriatric care is expensive. Therefore, the research of old age care insurance has important practical significance. Based on the study of the current situation of the elderly population, family structure change, medical care cost and other aspects in Shenyang, this paper discusses the reasons and contents of the elderly nursing needs, and according to the Shenyang statistical yearbook and questionnaire data, Based on the analysis of the present situation and future trend of the elderly nursing insurance in Shenyang, this paper puts forward a tentative plan of constructing the nursing insurance for the elderly in Shenyang. By introducing the development experience of social nursing insurance and American commercial nursing insurance system in Japan and Germany, this paper summarizes the enlightenment to the construction of old-age nursing insurance in Shenyang. In order to improve the quality of life of the elderly, reduce the economic and spiritual burden brought to the society and family by nursing for the elderly, and further improve the social security system of our country, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the construction of nursing insurance for the elderly in Shenyang.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.684

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