我国农业保险及其经营模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 05:11

本文选题：农业风险　切入点：农业保险　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是典型的农业大国,我国农业经济所面临的风险有自然风险、市场风险、技术风险和社会风险。农业生产和经营活动具有风险性,当今许多国家都通过建立农业保险机制来保障农业生产的稳定发展,帮助农民管理和规避潜在的各类经济风险。世界银行将农业风险的管理策略分为正规与非正规两种机制,微观、中观和宏观三个层次。作为农业风险管理策略中最为重要的农业保险其最基本的功能是分散农业生产和经营过程中的风险,并作为一种经济补偿的手段。我国农业保险具有真正意义的开始始于新中国成立后。几十年的发展历程伴随着有波动,既有开办之初的快速发展,也有一段时期内商业化经营的萎靡滑坡。我国农业经济面临着复杂的农业风险影响,但我国作为最关键的农业风险管理策略的农业保险却对农业经济发展的贡献不足,甚至与目前保险业的整体发展节奏不相符,我国的农业保险市场仍处于一个有待发展的阶段。农业保险经营过程中的许多现实性问题却困扰了我国农业保险的发展,使得农业保险相对农业经济的发展存在一定的滞后性。当前,我国直接经营农业保险机构包括有综合性保险公司、专业性保险公司、专业协会和外资公司等不同的类型。其中综合性保险公司和专业性保险公司是当前我国规模和影响都较大的农业保险经营机构。各种类型的经营机构在农业保险的经营过程中各有优势与不足。发达国家的农业保险已经达到了一个较高的水平和规模。从规模和发展水平上来看,美国、加拿大、法国、日本等国的农业保险模式发展最为完善。我国目前处于发展中国家阶段,通过研究国外发达国家的农业保险的发展模式,通过吸收成功的成果,再结合我国农业经济环境的实际,对促进我国经济的发展同样具有重大的意义。综合以上分析,本文认为我国当前的几种农业保险经营模式各有利弊。我国应该在坚持发展政府主导下的多样化农业保险经营的同时,加快完善商业化经营模式的发展,提高农业保险经营机构的经营水平。当前应发展政府主导下的多样化农业保险经营模式。我国国情复杂,各地的经济发展水平不一,农业占比也不一,从目前现行的农业保险经营模式来看,实行单一的模式并不适合我国的实际。因此,应鼓励发展政府主导下的多样化农业保险经营模式。未来的长远阶段,我国农业保险经营模式可能可以向更为统一的模式过渡,即过渡为兼顾专业化的新型综合性农业保险公司,同时,应通过发展地方基层的农业保险合作社来作为这一综合性的商业保险公司的重要补充。
[Abstract]:China is a typical agricultural country, the risk of the agricultural economy of our country are faced with the natural risk, market risk, technical risk and social risk. Agricultural production and business activities with the risk of many countries through the establishment of agricultural insurance mechanism to guarantee the steady development of agricultural production and management, to help farmers avoid various economic risks potential. World Bank agricultural risk management strategy is divided into two kinds of formal and informal mechanisms, micro, meso and macro three levels. As the most important agricultural insurance is the most basic function is to spread the risk of agricultural production and management in the process of agricultural risk management strategy, and as a kind of economic the means of compensation.
Start with the real meaning of agricultural insurance in China started in the new China was established after decades of development. With the rapid development of fluctuations, has opened at the beginning, there is a period of commercial operation sluggish landslide. The agricultural economy of our country is facing the agricultural risk. The complex sound, but China as the agricultural risk management strategy is the key of the agricultural insurance is the economic development of agriculture with insufficient, even with the insurance industry at present the overall pace of development does not match, China's agricultural insurance market is still in a developing stage. Many realistic problems in the process of agricultural insurance business has plagued the development of agricultural insurance in China the agricultural insurance, makes relative agricultural economic development has a certain lag.
At present, China's agricultural insurance direct operating mechanism comprises a comprehensive insurance company, professional insurance companies, professional associations and foreign companies of different types. The comprehensive insurance company and professional insurance company is China's current scale and have a great influence on agricultural insurance institutions. Institutions of various types in the business process agricultural insurance each have advantages and disadvantages.
The agricultural insurance in developed countries has reached a high level and scale. From the scale and level of development, the United States, Canada, France, Japan and other countries the development of agricultural insurance model is the most perfect. At present our country is in the stage of developing countries, developed countries in the development of agricultural insurance mode by studying abroad, through absorption successful results, combined with the actual environment of the agricultural economy of our country, is of great significance to promote the economic development of China.
Based on the above analysis, this paper argues that our current several management patterns of agriculture insurance have advantages and disadvantages. Our country should adhere to the development of the government under the leadership of the diversification of agricultural insurance business at the same time, accelerate the improvement of the development of commercial operation mode, improve the agricultural insurance organization management level. The development of the government under the leadership of the diversification of agricultural insurance business model should the current situation of our country. The complex, the local economic development level, agricultural proportion is not, from the current management patterns of agriculture insurance in the current view, the implementation of a single model is not suitable for the actual conditions of our country. Therefore, we should encourage the development of the government under the leadership of the diversification of agricultural insurance business model. The long-term future stage. Management patterns of agricultural insurance in China may be able to more unified mode transition, the transition is taking into account the professional model of comprehensive agricultural insurance company, at the same time, through the The development of agricultural insurance cooperatives at the local level as an important supplement to this comprehensive Business insurance company.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.66

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