中国农村养老保险体系中土地养老保障水平实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 03:05

本文选题：农村养老保险体系 + 土地养老保障　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：社会文明进步程度和发展水平一个重要的衡量标准就是每个劳动者是否能实现“老有所养”，这是我国各界人士都十分关注的社会问题。在二十一世纪的今天，，当我们把目光从已经基本建立了具有一定规模的城镇居民社会养老保障体系的城镇投向广袤的农村时，现在城乡二元经济结构分化严重，占人口一半以上的广大农民的养老问题是亟待发展的“社会保障洼地”，能够过上体面的退休生活对于绝大多数的农民而言，目前还是一种奢望,土地养老保障依然是当前中国农民养老最重要的方式。随着我国改革的深入发展,农村社会经济迅速发展,新型农村养老保险的建立和逐步推进，以社会养老为主，家庭养老、土地养老、社会救助为辅，商业保险为补充的农村养老保险体系基本建立，同时农村人口老龄化趋势严重，农村人口流动加速，土地流转更加广泛，这些变化给土地养老保障带来了巨大的冲击。土地养老保障在农民养老中到底发挥着什么样的作用，本文的研究主要基于这个问题提出的，在归纳总结前人研究成果的基础上，对农村养老保险体系中土地养老保障水平进行了探索和实证研究。本文从建立多支柱农村养老保险体系理论入手，提出了存在耕种土地和出租土地两个序列的农民，构建了耕种土地养老保障水平和出租土地养老保障水平数理模型，从农村土地养老保障的水平贡献和适度贡献二个维度，采用绝对总量分析和相对指标分析，提出“一个缺口，二个指数”的评价体系，对我国农村养老保险体系中土地养老保障水平进行测算、分析和预测。本文分为五部分：第一部分是研究框架，问题提出以及本文主要的研究思路、方法和结构安排。第二部分是理论基础，归纳总结农村养老保险体系中土地养老保障的相关理论。第三部分是现状分析，详细地阐述我国多支柱农村养老保险体系的组成部分，梳理土地养老保障制度的变迁。第四部分是研究主体，对农村土地养老保障水平进行实证分析。首先，构建耕种土地和出租土地两序列的土地养老保障水平模型，测算出农村土地养老保障的总体水平、地区间水平和行业间水平；其次，采用总量分析和指标分析相结合的方法，从土地养老保障的水平贡献和适度贡献两个维度对土地养老保障贡献进行实证分析；最后，依据相关参数的变动，对农村土地养老保障的水平进行预测，实证检验其未来对农民养老的贡献程度。第五部分是对策建议，探讨土地在农民养老中保障功能得以实现的运作机理，结合目前我国农村养老保障发展的现状，提出在多支柱的农村养老保险体系中土地养老保障功能得以实现的路径选择。本文得出以下结论： 1.建立与社会主义新农村发展相适应的农村养老保险体系。即发挥传统的土地养老保障的基础作用；逐步推进和完善新型农村社会养老保险的支柱作用；家庭养老和社会求助作为农村养老保障的重要补充；积极推动农村商业养老保险的发展，发挥其应有的作用。 2.构建农村土地养老保障水平数理模型，并测算出农村耕种土地和出租土地养老保障总体水平。随着经济增长，土地资源的稀缺性显现，土地与经济增长之间的关系更加的密切，土地的重要性越发明显，耕种土地和出租土地养老保障总体水平都快速增长，农民无论耕种还是出租土地所获得的收益用于养老成为可能。 3.土地养老保障水平的实证分析。按土地地区分布测算出各地土地养老保障水平，土地养老保障水平存在着明显的地区差异，土地资源丰富的中、西部地区，土地养老保障水平要明显高于土地资源贫瘠的东部地区；按土地用途分别测算出农、林、牧、渔各行业的土地养老保障水平，各自的土地养老保障水平增长速率差别很大，在土地养老保障中农业和牧业占较大比重，而林、渔业所占比重很小，农民依靠林、渔业来实现养老保障不太可能。 4.采用“一个缺口、两个指数”，对农村土地养老保障贡献进行深入的实证分析。分析得出无论从“量”还是“度”的方面，土地养老保障对农民养老的贡献都在逐年递减，土地的养老保障功能出现弱化。 5.在设定农村土地养老保障水平模型和农村适度养老保障水平模型相关参数的基础上，预测未来四十年农村土地养老保障水平和农村适度养老保障水平，并对未来土地养老保障的贡献进行实证检验。从土地养老保障的水平贡献分析，土地保障水平占农村总体养老保障水平的比重在增加，土地养老保障仍然是农民养老的重要补充，对农民养老保障水平的提高发挥着重要的作用；从土地养老保障适度贡献分析，虽然从绝对水平上看，土地养老保障缺口在拉大，但从相对水平上看，随着农业收入的进一步提高和农村人口总量的逐年减少，土地养老保障对农民实现适度养老的贡献增强，在未来很长一段时间内土地养老保障仍然是农村养老保险体系中重要的组成部分，发挥着无可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:An important measure of the level of progress and the level of development of social civilization is whether every worker can achieve a "old and old", which is a social problem that people of all walks of life of our country are very concerned about. In twenty-first Century, we set our eyes on the basic establishment of social security for urban residents with a certain scale. When the cities and towns of the system go to the vast rural areas, the two yuan economic structure of the urban and rural areas is now divided seriously, and the pension problem for the majority of the peasants, which accounts for more than half of the population, is a "social security depression" which needs to be developed urgently. It is still a luxury to be able to live a decent retirement life for the vast majority of the farmers. The most important way for the former Chinese peasants to provide for the aged, with the development of the reform in China, the rapid development of the rural social economy, the establishment and gradual advancement of the new rural old-age insurance, the basic establishment of the rural old-age insurance system, which is supplemented by commercial insurance, is basically established by the social endowment, the family pension, the land for the aged and the social assistance, and the rural people are at the same time. The trend of the aging of the population is serious, the flow of the rural population is accelerated and the land circulation is more extensive. These changes have brought great impact on the old-age security of the land. This paper explores and empirically studies the level of land endowment insurance in the rural endowment insurance system.
Starting with the establishment of the theory of multi pillar rural old-age insurance system, this paper puts forward two farmers who have cultivated land and rented land, and build a mathematical model of the level of the old-age security and the level of the rented land for the aged. From the two dimensions of the level contribution and the moderate contribution of the rural land support, the absolute total amount is adopted. Analysis and relative index analysis, put forward the evaluation system of "one gap, two index", and calculate, analyze and predict the level of land endowment insurance in rural old-age insurance system in China.
This article is divided into five parts: the first part is the research framework, the issue and the main research ideas, methods and structural arrangements. The second part is the theoretical basis, summarizes the related theories of the rural old-age insurance system in the rural old-age insurance system. The third part is the status analysis, and expounds the multi pillar rural old-age insurance in detail in China. Part of the system, combing the change of the land endowment insurance system. The fourth part is the main body of the study, the empirical analysis of the level of rural land pension security. First, the construction of land and rental land two sequence of land pension security level model, calculate the overall level of rural land pension security, inter regional level and Industry Secondly, using the combined method of total analysis and index analysis, the contribution of the land endowment insurance is analyzed from two dimensions of the level contribution and the moderate contribution of the land support. Finally, according to the changes of the related parameters, the level of the rural land pension security is predicted, and the future is tested to verify the future of the farmers. The fifth part is the countermeasure and suggestion, and discusses the operation mechanism of the guarantee function of the land in the peasants' pension, and combines the present situation of the development of the rural old-age security in our country, and puts forward the path choice for the realization of the function of the old-age security of the land in the multi pillar rural endowment insurance system.
This paper draws the following conclusions:
1. establish the rural old-age insurance system which is adapted to the development of the new socialist countryside. That is to play the basic role of the traditional old-age security of the land, and gradually promote and improve the supporting role of the new rural social endowment insurance; the family pension and social help help supplement the rural old-age security, and actively promote the rural business for the aged. The development of insurance plays its due role.
2. the mathematical model of rural land pension security level is constructed, and the overall level of rural land and rented land endowment security is calculated. With the economic growth, the scarcity of land resources appears, the relationship between land and economic growth is more close, the importance of land is more obvious, and the overall old-age security for cultivated land and rented land is overall. The level is growing rapidly, and farmers can get the benefits from farming or leasing land for pension purposes.
3. an empirical analysis of the level of old-age security in the land. According to the distribution of land area distribution, the level of land endowment insurance is measured. There are obvious regional differences in the level of land endowment security. In the rich land resources and in the western region, the level of the old-age security of the land is obviously higher than the poor land resources in the eastern region; the land use is calculated respectively. The land pension security level of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing and other industries, the growth rate of their respective land pension security level is very different. In the old-age security of land, agriculture and animal husbandry account for a large proportion, while forest, the proportion of fisheries is very small, the farmers rely on forest, fishing to achieve old-age security is not possible.
4. use "one gap, two index" to make an in-depth empirical analysis on the contribution of rural land endowment insurance. It is concluded that the contribution of land endowment insurance to farmers' pension is decreasing year by year in terms of "quantity" or "degree", and the function of the old-age security of the land is weakening.
5. on the basis of the parameters related to the level model of rural land pension security and the level model of the rural appropriate old-age security level, this paper predicts the level of rural land pension security and the level of appropriate old-age security in the rural areas in the next forty years, and carries out an empirical test on the contribution of the future land support. The proportion of land security level in the overall old-age security level in rural areas is increasing, and the old-age security of land is still an important supplement to the farmers' old-age support and plays an important role in improving the level of farmers' old-age security. To the level, with the further improvement of agricultural income and the annual decrease in the total population of the rural population, the contribution of the old-age security of the land to the peasants to achieve the appropriate pension is enhanced. In the long run, the old-age security of the land is still an important part of the rural endowment insurance system, playing an irreplaceable role.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.89;F842.67

【相似文献】