商业保险参与构建多层次养老保障体系研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 08:10

本文选题：商业保险 + 多层次养老保障体系　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,中国已步入老龄化社会成为了典型的“未富先老型”国家。快速增长的老年人口带来了急剧增长的养老金需求,造成中国基本养老金基金的压力增大。同时,面对制度转移留给我们的养老金空账问题和巨大的资金缺口,转移接续困难、统筹层次低、基金运营的保值增值等一系列问题迟迟得不到解决,作为社会安全网和稳定剂的养老保障面临着巨大挑战。多层次养老保障体系的构建是弥补单一层次养老保障体系保障水平不高、基金投资运营收益率低、产品单一等不足的必然选择,是分散政府行政管理风险,国家财政风险和个人养老损失风险的有效路径。然而,由于受行政管理成本过高,经验水平不足等因素影响,单纯依靠政府主体仅能保证基本养老保险和职业年金的建立,而企业年金和个人储蓄型养老保险则必须引入市场机制参与管理,故此,商业保险参与构建多层次养老保障体系应运而生。为此,国家相继出台《关于保险业参与加强和创新社会管理的指导意见》、《国务院关于加快发展保险服务业的若干意见》等相关政策鼓励引导保险业参与养老保障体系。保险机构自身由于其专业化优势、投资优势和服务优势占据了部分参与基本养老保险管理和企业年金管理的市场。但由于职业年金起步较晚,商业保险机构还未能建立起与职业年金的合作关系。对个人储蓄型养老保险而言,由于财政补贴政策和税收优惠政策还未出台,第三支柱一直处于较低的发展水平。根据发达国家经验,随着经济发展国家负担的养老责任将逐步减弱,二、三支柱将逐渐成为整个养老保障体系的中坚力量,在未来,商业保险机构参与企业年金、职业年金市场和个人储蓄型养老保险将是其参与构建多层次养老保障体系的关键。这不仅要求国家层面进一步推行政策引导,加强优惠政策激励二、三支柱养老保障体系发展,加强对商业保险机构的监管和保护,也要求商业保险机构自身加强其硬实力建设,进一步提升其专业化水平和精算能力,加强对消费群体的需求偏好分析,设计出个性化养老保险产品,提升服务质量,在与其他金融机构的竞争中彰显其优势所在。在政府与商业保险机构合作配合之下,有效建立起的多层次养老保障体系能够提升个人养老水平和企业竞争力,个人储蓄的增长能够影响其行为偏好,进一步促进经济发展。同时,经济发展也为就业创业市场带来生机,吸引劳动力,扩大企业年金和个人储蓄型养老保险的覆盖面,最终达成商业保险参与下的多层次养老保障体系与市场经济协调发展互相促进的局面。
[Abstract]:At present, China has stepped into an aging society and has become a typical "old before rich" countries. The rapid growth of the elderly has led to a sharp rise in pension demand, putting pressure on China's basic pension fund. At the same time, in the face of the problem of empty pension account and the huge fund gap left by the system transfer, it is difficult to transfer, the overall planning level is low, and a series of problems, such as maintaining and increasing the value of the fund's operation, have not been solved yet. As a social safety net and stabilizer, old-age security is facing great challenges. The construction of multi-level old-age security system is an inevitable choice to make up for the low security level of single-level pension security system, the low rate of return on fund investment and operation, the single product and so on, and it is also a necessary choice to disperse the risk of government administration. The effective path of national financial risk and individual pension loss risk. However, due to the high cost of administration and the lack of experience, relying solely on the government can only guarantee the establishment of basic pension insurance and occupational pension. But the enterprise annuity and the individual saving type endowment insurance must introduce the market mechanism to participate in the management, therefore, the commercial insurance participation constructs the multi-level old-age security system to emerge as the times require. For this reason, the state has successively promulgated the guiding opinions on the participation of the Insurance Industry in strengthening and innovating Social Management, and the State Council's views on speeding up the Development of the Insurance Service Industry, and other relevant policies to encourage and guide the insurance industry to participate in the old-age security system. Because of its specialized advantages, insurance institutions' investment advantages and service advantages occupy part of the market in which they participate in the management of basic pension insurance and the management of enterprise annuity. However, due to the late start of occupational annuity, commercial insurance institutions have not established a cooperative relationship with occupational pension. For individual savings pension insurance, the third pillar has been in a low level of development because of the lack of fiscal subsidies and preferential tax policies. According to the experience of developed countries, with the development of the economy, the burden on the state will gradually weaken, and the second and third pillars will gradually become the backbone of the entire old-age security system. In the future, commercial insurance institutions will participate in the enterprise annuity. Occupational pension market and personal savings pension insurance will be the key to their participation in the construction of multi-level pension security system. This not only requires further policy guidance at the national level, strengthening preferential policies to encourage the development of the second and three-pillar old-age security system, and strengthening the supervision and protection of commercial insurance institutions, but also requires commercial insurance institutions to strengthen their own hard strength construction. Further improve its professional level and actuarial ability, strengthen consumer demand preference analysis, design personalized pension insurance products, improve service quality, and show its advantages in the competition with other financial institutions. With the cooperation of government and commercial insurance institutions, the multi-level pension security system can improve the level of individual pension and the competitiveness of enterprises, and the growth of individual savings can affect their behavior preferences and further promote economic development. At the same time, economic development has also brought vitality to the employment and entrepreneurial market, attracted labor force, and expanded the coverage of enterprise annuities and individual savings old-age insurance. Finally, the multi-level endowment security system and the market economy coordinated development promote each other under the participation of commercial insurance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F842.67

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