政府补贴农业保险的福利效应及启示

发布时间：2018-05-14 05:01

本文选题：政府 + 补贴　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国人口众多,人民的吃饭问题关系着国家的稳定和长治久安。由于商业性农业保险的市场失灵,如果政府能制定出一个符合我国国情的制度,且有力地推进实施,将会对农业生产起到极大的稳定和推动作用。本文从福利经济学角度出发,探讨政府补贴农业保险的方式方法和福利效应,为我国农业保险的开展提供依据和参考。 (1)农业是国民经济的基础,农业保险作为WTO允许的补贴方式,对稳定和促进农业生产具有重要作用。农户购买农业保险,受益的不只是农户,还包括农产品的消费者。因此,农业保险具有正外部性；农业保险不同于私人产品,比较接近公共产品,具有弱排他性和弱竞争性,应属于准公共产品；农业保险费率高,赔付率也高,在没有补贴时难以开展,具有弱质性；农业保险面临的灾害具有复杂性,且很多灾害会造成严重损失。因此,农业保险具有高风险性。综合来看,政府必须对农业保险采取不同于商业保险的监管方式,推动农业保险业务健康可持续发展。 (2)在农户的投保行为中,全体社会成员和消费者的福利必然增加,其中消费者受益最大,而农户自身的福利不一定增加。当政府的补贴力度一定时,补贴仅发放给农户时,农业保险的成交价格最高；仅发放给保险公司时,成交价格最低；按一定比例发放给农户和保险公司时,成交价介于两者之间。政府在补贴投保农户和保险公司时,要进行综合考虑,拿捏好补贴尺度。补贴行为的福利并不能全部转化为农户和消费者的福利,还会有一部分无谓损失。政府补贴农业保险的过程中,对农户、保险公司和政府自身都会有一定的积极作用和消极作用,政府应制定相关法规,并加强监管,确保补贴行为有序进行。 (3)我国的农业保险经历了曲折而艰辛的发展历程,近年来逐渐走向成熟。我们应重视农业保险对农业稳定和社会稳定的作用,将农业保险作为一种城乡收入分配的手段。政府还应注重或加强以下几方面：一是政府补贴的力度。在欠发达地区,由于补贴力度不够,农业保险覆盖率较低；全国范围来看,补贴方式和补贴项目也要随社会发展逐步扩展和调整。二是法律规范。我国刚刚颁布《农业保险条例》,农业保险的开展过程中必然还会遇到一些问题。三是大灾巨灾风险分担体系的建立。我们要借鉴国外经验,建立符合我国特色的风险分担机制,建立巨灾准备金、互保机制和再保险机制等,让农业保险在灾后重建中发挥更大的作用。
[Abstract]:Our country has a large population and the problem of eating the people is related to the stability and long-term stability of the country. Because of the market failure of commercial agricultural insurance, if the government can formulate a system that meets the national conditions of our country and vigorously promote its implementation, it will greatly stabilize and promote the agricultural production. This article from the angle of welfare economics. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways and welfare effects of government subsidized agricultural insurance, and to provide evidence and reference for the development of agricultural insurance in China.
(1) agriculture is the basis of the national economy. Agricultural insurance, as a subsidy mode allowed by WTO, plays an important role in stabilizing and promoting agricultural production. Farmers buy agricultural insurance, which benefit not only farmers but also consumers of agricultural products. Therefore, agricultural insurance is positive externality; agricultural insurance is different from private products and is close to public. Products, with weak exclusiveness and weak competitiveness, should belong to quasi public products; agricultural insurance rates are high, and the rate of compensation is high. It is difficult to carry out in the absence of subsidies and is weak. The disasters facing agricultural insurance are complex and many disasters will cause serious losses. Therefore, agricultural insurance has high risk. In a comprehensive view, the government must We should adopt a different way of supervising agricultural insurance from commercial insurance so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of agricultural insurance business.
(2) the welfare of all the members and consumers of the whole society will increase inevitably, among which the benefit of the consumers is the most, and the welfare of the farmers does not increase. When the subsidy is given to the farmers, the transaction price of the agricultural insurance is the highest; the transaction price is the lowest when the insurance company is given only to the insurance company. When it is issued to farmers and insurance companies in a certain proportion, the transaction price is between the two. When the government is subsidizing the farmers and insurance companies, the government should take a comprehensive consideration and take a good subsidy scale. The welfare of the subsidies can not be completely converted to the welfare of the farmers and consumers, and there will be some unnecessary losses. The government subsidized agricultural insurance. In the process, there will be positive and negative effects on farmers, insurance companies and the government themselves. The government should formulate relevant regulations and strengthen supervision so as to ensure the orderly conduct of the subsidies.
(3) China's agricultural insurance has experienced a tortuous and arduous course of development and gradually matured in recent years. We should pay attention to the effect of agricultural insurance on agricultural stability and social stability, and take agricultural insurance as a means of income distribution in urban and rural areas. The government should pay attention to or strengthen the following aspects: first, the strength of government subsidies. In the area, the coverage rate of agricultural insurance is low due to insufficient subsidies and low coverage of agricultural insurance; for the whole country, subsidies and subsidies should be gradually expanded and adjusted with the development of the society. Two is the legal norm. China has just promulgated the agricultural insurance regulations, and there will be some problems in the process of agricultural insurance. Three is the risk of catastrophe and catastrophe. We should draw lessons from foreign experience, establish a risk sharing mechanism that conforms to our own characteristics, establish catastrophe reserve, mutual insurance mechanism and reinsurance mechanism, so that agricultural insurance will play a greater role in post disaster reconstruction.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.66

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