首批科技保险试点城市实施效果评价

发布时间：2018-06-04 23:12

本文选题：科技风险 + 科技保险　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：科技风险是指在科技研究和开发过程中，因为不确定的外部环境、项目本身的复杂程度的不可测以及研究开发团队能力的局限性，从而可能引起科技研究开发项目失败、暂停、取消、延误或未能实现预期目标的风险。存在于科研技术开发、技术成果交易产品批量生产以及市场推广应用四个阶段。为了规避高新技术企业在技术创新活动中产生的科技风险带来的损失，科技保险应运而生。本文中从两个角度给出国内学者对其内涵的分析，进而引出笔者观点，，即科技保险是利用保险对高新技术企业在研制、量产、销售、售后等过程中，由于遭遇科技风险指定保险公司对损失进行赔偿，从而最大限度降低度高新技术企业损失程度的一类保险，具备分散风险和补偿损失的基本功能以及积蓄基金和监督风险的派生功能。本文依据保监会与科技部先后两次颁布的15项险种特征将其分为高新技术企业研发成果类、高新技术企业经营环境类、高新技术企业员工保障类和高新技术企业社会责任类四种业务类型，进而深入探索科技保险运行原则、运行模式以及运行机制。科技保险运行中高新技术企业、保险公司、政府部门三大主体始终占据主导地位，而第三方机构的介入行为也发挥着举足轻重的作用。从供需两方面分析，高新技术企业与保险公司互相制约影响；从保障方面分析，政府部门始终发挥着后台支撑的力量。基于现有数据，本文利用DEA模型对首批科技保险试点城市实施效果进行简要测算。对于实施效果评价指标的选择，实施的结果主要体现为首批试点城市(区)科技保险投保企业数、科技保险投保金额、企业参与科技保险缴纳保费总额；实施的行为主要表现为首批试点城市(区)政府财政补贴科技保险总额、政府针对某一险种规定的财政补贴最高比例、科技保险出险理赔数以及出险后赔付金总额。关于绩效指标的测量方法，采用结果评定和行为评定。由于试点城市(区)科技保险实施是一个复杂的过程，能够收集的数据信息非常有限，因此可以将其看作灰色系统，运用DEA模型对其实施效果进行分析。DEA测算结果表明北京、武汉、重庆、苏州高新区的科技保险实施绩效相对较好，天津和深圳的科技保险实施绩效相对较差。科技保险本身在我国刚刚处在起步阶段，其自身所独有的技术复杂性以及高风险性对其发展进程产生一系列阻碍。首批科技保险试点城市在实施过程中难免因为经验不足或者各方面原因抑制其需求与供给情况。具体表现为对科技保险的认识存在不足；高新技术企业对保险的有效需求不足；保险公司对科技保险的供给不足以及政府对科技保险扶持力度有待提高。针对首批科技保险试点城市在实施过程中存在的问题，我国在进一步推广科技保险进程中可以采取以下政策建议：首先从认识层面着手，加大科技保险研究力度；其次打破高新技术企业偏见，扩大科技保险有效需求；再次，保险公司要提高自身承保理赔能力，完善科技保险模式；最后，政府要加大对科技保险的扶持力度。
[Abstract]:Science and technology risk refers to the limitation of the ability of research and development team in the process of scientific research and development because of uncertain external environment , the complexity of the project itself , and the limitation of research and development team ability , which may cause the failure , suspension , cancellation , delay or failure of scientific research and development project to achieve the expected goal .

In order to avoid the loss of scientific and technological risks brought about by high - tech enterprises in technological innovation activities , scientific and technological insurance is born . In this paper , the author points out that scientific and technological insurance is a kind of insurance against losses of high - tech enterprises in the process of developing , producing , selling , after - sale and so on .

According to the 15 kinds of dangerous characteristics promulgated by the CIRC and the Ministry of Science and Technology , it is divided into four kinds of business types , such as R & D achievements of high - tech enterprises , operating environment of high - tech enterprises , employees of high - tech enterprises and social responsibility of high - tech enterprises , so as to probe into the principle , mode of operation and operation mechanism of scientific and technological insurance .

In the operation of science and technology insurance , the three main bodies of high - tech enterprises , insurance companies and government departments always occupy the leading position , and the intervention behavior of third - party institutions plays an important role . From the two aspects of supply and demand analysis , the high - tech enterprises and insurance companies restrict each other ;
From the aspect of security analysis , the government has always played the role of background support .

Based on the existing data , this paper makes a brief calculation of the implementation effect of the first batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities using DEA model . The results of implementation are mainly embodied in the first batch of pilot cities ( districts ) , the number of insured enterprises , the insured amount of science and technology insurance , and the total amount of insurance premiums paid by enterprises in scientific and technological insurance ;
The result shows that the performance of science and technology insurance in Beijing , Wuhan , Chongqing and Suzhou is relatively good , and the performance of science and technology insurance in Tianjin and Shenzhen is relatively poor .

Science and technology insurance itself is in the initial stage of our country , its own unique technical complexity and high risk has a series of obstacles to its development process . First batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities can ' t avoid the demand and supply of the first batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities because of lack of experience or various reasons .
The effective demand of high - tech enterprises for insurance is insufficient ;
The insurance company ' s inadequate supply of science and technology insurance and the government ' s support for science and technology insurance needs to be improved .

Aiming at the problems existing in the implementation process of the first batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities , the following policy suggestions can be adopted in further promoting the process of science and technology insurance : firstly , starting from the cognitive level , increasing the research strength of science and technology insurance ;
Secondly , break the bias of high - tech enterprises and expand the effective demand of science and technology insurance ;
Thirdly , insurance companies should improve their ability to cover their claims and improve the mode of science and technology insurance ;
Finally , the government should increase its support for science and technology insurance .
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.6

【参考文献】