地方政府城乡居民养老保险水平差异性及其优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 14:38

本文选题：养老保险 + 养老金替代率　；参考：《求实》2017年11期

【摘要】：各地区经济社会发展状况的不同,带来城乡居民养老保险保障水平的差异。从地方政府城乡居保政策来看,在基金缴费、超年限增发额、丧葬补助等方面地区差距较大。从养老金绝对水平来看,东部的北京、上海、天津以及西部民族地区的新疆、青海、西藏等养老金较高,其他中西部地区和东北地区养老金均较低,且多数省份低于全国平均水平;大部分省份过于依赖政府的基础养老金,基础养老金占养老金的比例超过80%;基础养老金调整的次数大多数介于2-4次,平均2-3年调整一次基础养老金;调整的金额较低且不规范,东部发达地区在调整次数和额度上均占有明显优势。从养老金相对水平来看,养老金替代率地区差距较大,上海、北京、西藏等地区超过20%,大多数省份低于10%,且28个省份城乡居保养老金替代率都呈现下降趋势,难以达到"保基本"的目标。建议是:坚持中央财政的引导作用,鼓励地方政府以及居民加大对养老保险的投入;根据"居民缴多少,政府补助多少"的原则设计财政补贴标准;建立并实施城乡居保基础养老金动态调整机制;严格规范"出口"补贴,实现长缴多得目标;储备风险准备金并建立风险预警系统。
[Abstract]:The difference of economic and social development in different regions leads to the difference of pension insurance level between urban and rural residents. From the local government's policy of urban and rural housing insurance, there is a big gap in the payment of funds, the amount of additional issuance over the years, the funeral subsidy and so on. Judging from the absolute level of pensions, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin in the east and Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet in the western minority areas have higher pensions, while other central, western and northeast regions have lower pensions. And most provinces are below the national average; most of them rely too much on government basic pensions, which account for more than 80 percent of pensions; and most of them adjust basic pensions between two and four times. The amount of adjustment is low and not standard, and the eastern developed regions have obvious advantages in the times and the amount of adjustment. In terms of the relative level of pensions, the regional gap in the pension replacement rate is large. In Shanghai, Beijing, Tibet and other regions, over 20%, most provinces are below 10%, and 28 provinces are showing a downward trend in the replacement rate of urban and rural household insurance pensions. It is difficult to achieve the "basic" goal. Suggestions are as follows: adhere to the guiding role of central finance, encourage local governments and residents to increase their investment in old-age insurance, design the financial subsidy standard according to the principle of "how much residents pay, how much government subsidies"; Establish and implement the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the basic pension in urban and rural areas, strictly regulate the subsidy of "export", realize the goal of long term payment, reserve the risk reserve and establish the risk early warning system.
【作者单位】：广西师范大学法学院;南京农业大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“农村公共服务供给的‘碎片化’及其治理研究”(14BGL150) 广西文科中心“人文强桂”优青特色研究团队项目(YQTD2015002) 广西高校“马克思主义理论与区域实践协调创新中心”课题(桂教科研[2013]10号) 广西哲学社会科学2017年项目(17CGL001) 广西地方法治与地方治理研究中心课题(GXDFFZ201601) 广西师范大学博士科研启动项目[2016](26)
【分类号】：F842.67

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