农作物保险的他国镜鉴与启示

发布时间：2018-06-18 07:06

本文选题：农业发展方式 + 农作物保险　；参考：《改革》2015年12期

【摘要】：农作物在生产和销售过程中,既面临来自自然灾害所致的产量损失风险,又面临因价格暴跌所带来的收入损失。早期美国联邦农作物保险以产量保险为主,但农场主生产的目标函数并非产量最大化,而是农业收入最大化,为保持美国农业产业政策与农场主目标函数的一致性,近年来联邦农作物保险逐步从"保产量"向"保收入"转变。收入保险在联邦农作物保险中已占据主导地位;为避免道德风险,收入保险的险种结构呈现出从个体收入保险向团体收入保险和农场总收入保险的转变;联邦政府的供需双向补贴机制和多样化的风险分散渠道是农作物保险得以持续经营的重要保障。我国应健全农作物保险的政府补贴结构,完善农作物保险的风险分散渠道。
[Abstract]:In the process of production and sale, crops are faced with the risk of loss of output caused by natural disasters and the loss of income caused by the collapse of prices. The early federal crop insurance in the United States focused on yield insurance, but the objective function of farmers' production was not production maximization, but agricultural income maximization, in order to maintain the consistency between American agricultural policy and farmer's objective function. In recent years, federal crop insurance has gradually shifted from "guaranteed yield" to "guaranteed income". In order to avoid moral hazard, the insurance structure of income insurance has changed from individual income insurance to group income insurance and farm income insurance. The bidirectional subsidy mechanism of supply and demand of federal government and the diversification of risk distribution channel are the important guarantee for the sustainable operation of crop insurance. Our country should perfect the government subsidy structure of crop insurance and perfect the risk dispersing channel of crop insurance.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学统计学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“农业气象灾害、政策性农业保险与粮农生产行为:基于苏、皖农户调查的微观实证”(批准号:71403088)
【分类号】：F841.36

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