我国城乡居民社会养老保险制度公平性研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 05:55

本文选题：城乡居民社会养老保险制度 + 公平性　；参考：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会保障的作用是通过二次分配的调节尽可能地维护社会公平。公平是社会保障的核心理念。改革开放以来，我国养老保险制度在不断地完善和发展，目前已经实现了城乡居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖，推进基本公共服务均等化发展，朝着实现社会公平正义的目标迈进了一大步，使我国原有的城乡二元分割的社会保障制度不公平性问题得到初步解决。但是，城乡居民社会养老保险公平问题不仅仅是城乡统筹、制度统一就能完全解决的，城乡居民社会养老保险与城镇职工养老保险和机关事业单位退休养老制度之间的不公平性、代际的不公平性、城乡居民生活水平、养老需求层次以及养老保障来源等方面的差异都是实现城乡居民社会养老保险真正公平必须解决的问题。本文立足于这一社会背景，运用文献研究、比较研究以及定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法，从公平性的基本内涵、评价指标和构建原则入手，研究分析我国城乡居民社会养老保险制度的公平性现状，指出了这一制度还存在着外部不公平和内部不公平以及其他方面的公平性不足问题，并有针对性地提出对策。本文提出，城乡居民社会养老保险制度是由政府部门组织，制定相应的法律法规，符合条件的城乡居民自愿参加，保障资金来源于政府补贴、社会统筹和个人缴费，，用于保护城市和农村居民老年基本生活的一种制度安排。城乡居民社会养老保险制度公平应坚持城乡并重原则、内外兼顾原则和持续发展原则。本文从农村社会养老保险制度、城镇居民养老保险制度以及二者合并实施以后的新制度三个阶段梳理了我国城乡居民社会养老保险制度的发展历程。分析了我国现行的城乡居民社会养老保险制度的公平性状况，认为现行制度基本体现了城乡居民参保机会公平、参保规则公平和参保结果公平。同时，本文也认为，城乡居民社会养老保险制度也存在着一定程度的公平性缺失现象，包括：制度外部不公平现象，体现在城乡居民与城镇职工（国家机关、事业单位和城镇企业职工等就业人群）的社会养老保障水平差距大、城乡居民与城镇职工的社会养老资源分配不均等以及城乡居民与城镇职工（含机关事业单位人员）的收入水平差异大等方面。制度内部不公平现象，体现在城乡居民基本养老需求不一致、城乡居民对制度公平的感受不一致以及城乡居民养老金费用来源存在差异等方面，而现行制度设计并未考虑这些因素。此外，还有因收入分配逆向调节、保障水平偏低，居民逆向选择等引发的不公平问题。本文有针对性地提出了提升我国城乡居民社会养老保险制度公平性的对策，主要有：树立养老保险公平的理念、加大政府财政投入、增强制度激励、渐进实现机关事业单位和城镇职工与城乡居保的制度整合、发展多层次的城乡居民养老保险体系、注重城乡居保制度可持续性。
[Abstract]:The role of social security is to maintain social equity as far as possible through the adjustment of the two distribution. Fairness is the core concept of social security. Since the reform and opening up, the old-age insurance system in China has been continuously perfected and developed. At present, the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents has been fully covered, and the equalization of basic public services has been promoted. In order to achieve the goal of realizing social justice and justice, the problem of the unfairness of the social security system in the two yuan division of urban and rural areas in our country has been preliminarily solved. However, the fairness of the social endowment insurance of urban and rural residents is not only the urban and rural overall planning, but the unity of the system can be completely solved, the urban and rural social endowment insurance and the town and town are all solved. The inequality between the old-age insurance and the retirement system of the institutions and institutions, the inequity of the intergenerational, the living standard of the urban and rural residents, the level of the demand for the aged and the source of the old-age security are all problems that must be solved to realize the real fairness of the social endowment insurance of urban and rural residents. With the research methods of literature research, comparative study and qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the equity status of the social endowment insurance system in urban and rural residents in China is studied and analyzed from the basic connotation of fairness, evaluation index and construction principle, and it is pointed out that there are external injustice, internal injustice and others. The problem of fairness is not enough, and countermeasures are put forward accordingly.
This paper puts forward that the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents is organized by the government departments, the corresponding laws and regulations, the voluntary participation of urban and rural residents in accordance with the conditions, the protection of funds from government subsidies, social co-ordination and personal contributions, for the protection of the basic life of the elderly in urban and rural residents, and the social support of urban and rural residents. The old insurance system should adhere to the principle of urban and rural equal importance, the principle of both internal and external and the principle of sustainable development. This article combs the development course of the social old-age insurance system of urban and rural residents in China from the rural social endowment insurance system, the pension insurance system for urban dwellers and the new system after the implementation of the two parties. The fairness of the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents, the present system basically embodies the fairness of the opportunities for urban and rural residents to participate in insurance, the fairness of the rules of participation and the fair result of the insurance. At the same time, this article also believes that the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents has a certain absence of fairness in a certain range, including the outside system. The fair phenomenon is reflected in the large gap between urban and rural residents and urban workers (state organs, institutions and employees in urban enterprises). The distribution of social endowment resources in urban and rural residents and urban workers is not equal, and the income levels of urban and rural residents and urban workers (including institutions and institutions) have great differences. The inconsistencies in the system are reflected in the inconsistencies in the basic needs of the urban and rural residents, the disagreement between the urban and rural residents on the institutional equity and the difference in the source of the pension costs of the urban and rural residents, while the current system design does not take these factors into consideration. Unfairness caused by adverse selection of residents.
This paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the fairness of the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents in China. It is mainly as follows: establishing the concept of the equity of the endowment insurance, increasing the government financial input, strengthening the system incentive, gradually realizing the system integration of the institutions and urban workers and urban and rural residents, and developing the multi-level urban and rural residents' pension. The insurance system emphasizes the sustainability of the urban and rural housing security system.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.67

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