中国保险公司的效率研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 21:43

本文选题：保险业效率 + 非参数法　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：保险业效率研究存在效率测度方法不一、投入产出指标选择混乱等问题。本文在综述前沿文献基础上指出:(1)在考虑保险行业的效率前沿面时,由于参数方法在模型选择上的缺陷,非参数法在目前的学术研究上拥有更多优势;(2)保险公司在实现经济目标的同时承担了社会保障功能,这是保险公司效率测度中投入产出指标选择“千差万别”的根源,(3)本文结合产出指标界定方法,从盈利和生产两个角度提出了两套确定投入产出指标的体系。本文在结合新的投入产出指标体系的基础上,按照前人的研究思路,本文先采用DEA的效率测度方法对文中选取的中国77家保险公司进行初步测度,发现两个指标体系的结果差距较大:业务角度的效率结果明显优于利润角度的效率结果,仅仅只有9家保险公司是业务角度和利润角度的测度下同时效率值为1的,在所有参与测度的保险公司中占比11.69%。我们有理由相信中国保险公司的效率待提升的空间还是很大的。由于DEA方法本身是将所有投入要素视为一个统一整体,从而测度出决策单元在多种要素进行综合利用之后进行生产以实现最大化产出的能力与程度,但是并没有对每一个要素进行区分。随着方向性距离函数的产生,可以将投入要素对产出的影响纳入到效率的分析框架中。因此,我们在传统的卢恩伯格生产率指数的基础上对其进行改进,引入投入冗余生产率指数(ISP),ISP生产率指数能将投入导向型方向性距离函数融入F?re-Lovell效率测度方法,并对单一的投入要素生产率的变化情况进行估计。本文为了进一步计算每个指标体系下的单个要素的生产率的变化情况,对中国77家保险公司的全要素生产率进行再测度,基于ISP方法的运用,本文得出了以下几个方面的结论:一是外资保险公司效率比中资保险公司的效率更高,公司治理模式可能是一大原因。由于外资保险公司在管理上沿用的是“直线式”的管理结构,工作指令的传达和实施以及结果的反馈更有时效性;而中资保险公司在进行公司治理的时候沿用的是“扁平化”的管理模式,员工内部的沟通缺乏有效性,指令的传达得不到及时的反馈,工作的替代成本增加,这些都是导致保险公司在效率竞争上处于劣势的原因。二是中国保险公司的效率正在发生退化现象,都邦财产保险公司是这些保险公司中表现最差的保险公司。从利润角度来看劳动力生产率对中国保险业的全要素生产率的贡献最低;而从业务角度来看,资本生产率对中国保险行业全要素生产率的抑制作用最为明显,盲目的扩大公司的规模只会引起公司效率的降低。中国保险行业的效率退步现象的原因可能是近几年经济环境的快速发展,保险公司的发展已经进入瓶颈期。保险公司的现有体制面临巨大的挑战,保险公司进行转型发展的需求越来越明显。保险公司越早进行体制转型,通过提升效率优势抢占市场,就越能在经济发展浪潮中占有一席之地。三是东部地区保险公司的效率波动较大。出现这种情况的原因是因为东部发达地区保险公司发展较为成熟,在不进行体制改革的情况下,保险公司的效率并不能得到长远的发展,因此,效率退步是保险公司的必然表现。而相对中部地区来说,西部地区保险公司的“表现”更有优势,这是因为,在西部欠发达地区,随着经济的发展,保险公司存在规模优势,虽然整体行业的效率在退步,但是由于存在规模效应,因此,西部地区保险公司的效率波动反而呈现更为平稳的状态。四是增加劳动力对保险公司的利润提升有限,从业务角度来看,还会抑制保险公司的全要素生产率,这种现象在我国西部地区最为明显。劳动力的投入对保险公司全要素生产率的这种抑制作用产生的原因是由于保险公司内部的人浮于事。保险公司内部的人事结构的不完善、庞大的管理层和行政类员工的投入是劳动力生产率为负的主要原因。而中国发达地区吸引了大量高素质人才,对于经济欠发达地区而言不利于该地区提升其劳动力的边际生产率。五是从业务角度来看中国保险公司的全要素生产率,东部地区的资本投入存在巨大的“浪费”,保险公司在各个地区的资本投入规模严重超过了其在每个地区的最优投入规模,造成了大量资源闲置,从而增加了资本投入要素对全要素生产率的抑制作用。六是西部地区的保险代理投入可以有效增加该地区保险公司的全要素生产率,保险代理在经济发达地区还可以适当的增加来增加保险公司的全要素生产率,但是需审慎而为,在中部和西部地区的保险公司,还可以大量增加保险代理人的数量,来提升本地区保险公司的全要素生产率。
[Abstract]:In the study of the efficiency of insurance industry, the efficiency measure method is different and the input and output index selection is confused. On the basis of the literature review, this paper points out that (1) when considering the efficiency frontier of the insurance industry, the non parametric method has more advantages in the current academic research due to the defect of the parameter method in the model selection; (2) the insurance public. At the same time, the company assumes the social security function while realizing the economic target. This is the root of the selection of input-output indicators in the efficiency measure of the insurance company. (3) this paper puts forward two sets of system for determining input-output indicators from two points of view of profit and production. On the basis of the index system, according to the previous research ideas, this paper first uses the DEA efficiency measure to measure the 77 insurance companies in China, and finds that the results of the two index systems have a large gap: the efficiency results of the business angle are obviously superior to the efficiency results of the profit angle, only 9 insurance companies are the industry. The simultaneous efficiency value is 1 under the measure of the angle of service and profit. In all the insurance companies involved in the measure, we have reason to believe that the space for the efficiency of the Chinese insurance company to be promoted is still very large. Since the DEA method itself is to consider all the input elements as a unified whole, we can measure the decision unit in many kinds of 11.69%.. The ability and degree of production to maximize output after the comprehensive utilization of elements, but there is no distinction between each element. With the generation of the directional distance function, the impact of the input factor on the output can be incorporated into the analysis framework of efficiency. Therefore, we are in the base of the traditional Rune Berg productivity index. On the basis of the improvement, the input redundancy productivity index (ISP) is introduced, and the ISP productivity index can integrate the input oriented directional distance function into the F? Re-Lovell efficiency measure and estimate the single input factor productivity. In order to calculate the productivity of individual elements in each index system, the productivity index can be calculated in this paper. The change of the total factor productivity of 77 insurance companies in China is re measured. Based on the application of the ISP method, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the efficiency of foreign insurance companies is higher than that of the Chinese insurance companies, and the corporate governance model may be a major reason. It is a "straight line" management structure, the transmission and implementation of the work instructions and the feedback of the results are more timeliness; while the Chinese insurance companies follow the "flat" management mode when they are doing corporate governance, the communication within the staff is lack of effectiveness, the transmission of the instructions is not timely feedback, and the replacement cost of the work is increased. All these are the reasons why the insurance companies are at a disadvantage in the efficiency competition. Two, the efficiency of the Chinese insurance companies is degenerating, and the state property insurance companies are the worst insurers in these insurance companies. From the profit point of view, the contribution of labor productivity to the total factor productivity of the Chinese insurance industry is the lowest; From the point of view of business, capital productivity has the most obvious restraining effect on the total factor productivity of China's insurance industry. The scale of blind expansion of the company will only cause the reduction of the efficiency of the company. The reason for the efficiency decline of China's insurance industry may be the rapid development of the economic environment in recent years, and the development of insurance companies has already entered. The existing system of insurance companies is facing great challenges. The demand for the insurance companies to carry out the transformation and development is becoming more and more obvious. The earlier the insurance companies carry out the system transformation, the more it can seize the market by improving the efficiency advantage, the more the insurance companies can occupy a place in the wave of economic development. Three, the efficiency fluctuation of the insurance companies in the East region is larger. The reason for this is that the development of the insurance companies in the eastern developed areas is more mature and the efficiency of the insurance companies can not be developed in the long run without the reform of the system. Therefore, the efficiency is the inevitable manifestation of the insurance company. This is because, in the underdeveloped areas of the west, with the development of the economy, the insurance companies have the advantage of scale, although the efficiency of the whole industry is going back, but because of the existence of scale effect, the efficiency fluctuation of the insurance companies in the western region is more stable. Four, the increase in the profit of the insurance companies is limited by the increase of the labor force. From a business point of view, it will also inhibit the total factor productivity of insurance companies. This phenomenon is most obvious in the western part of China. The reason for the inhibition of the total factor productivity of the insurance company is due to the overriding of the insurance company. The internal personnel structure of the insurance company is incomplete and huge. The input of management and administrative staff is the main reason for the negative labor productivity, and the developed regions in China have attracted a large number of high-quality talents. For the economically underdeveloped areas, the marginal productivity of the labor force is not conducive to the region. Five is the total factor productivity of Chinese insurance companies from the business point of view, the eastern region. There is a huge "waste" of capital investment. The capital investment scale of insurance companies in each region is more than the optimal investment in each area, which causes a large amount of resources to be idle, thus increasing the inhibitory effect of the capital input factor on the total factor productivity. Six, the insurance agency investment in the western region can be effectively increased. With the total factor productivity of the insurance companies in this area, the insurance agent can also increase the total factor productivity of the insurance companies in the economically developed areas, but the insurance companies in the central and western regions can also increase the number of insurance agents in the central and western regions to enhance the total factor birth of the insurance companies in the region. Yield.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F842.3

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