我国新型农村社会养老保险制度优化研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 19:48

【摘要】：社会变迁、经济转型，尤其是城镇化的快速推进削弱了传统农村家庭的养老功能。在此背景下，中国农民的养老，特别是富有流动性的农民工或被征地农民群体的养老问题，是目前农村社会最为严峻和亟待解决的问题。2009年9月1日，国务院印发了《关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见》，标志着全国新农保试点工作正式启动。论文详细介绍了我国新型农村社会养老保险的发展历程，国外农村社会养老保险实践及对我国的经验启示，实证分析了当前不同地区新型农村社会养老保险制度建设的现状，指出了新型农村社会养老保险制度建设中存在的主要问题，提出了优化新型农村社会养老保险制度的总体思路及对策措施。研究表明，除了制度因素外，非制度因素如意识形态因素对农户参保具有较强的解释力。国外发达国家的经验表明，发展农村社会养老保险要尊重本国国情，要遵循社会保障的发展规律，政府要提供财政支持，要有相关立法保障。研究表明，当前新型农村社会养老保险制度最大的亮点是政府开始承担筹资责任，但是中央负担总体较小，地方财政压力较大且分担比例不合理。除此之外，我国新型农村社会养老保险制度建设还存在诸如现行保障水平偏低、定额缴费制不合理、参保缺乏激励机制、个人账户养老金计发标准不符合实际、基金管理与运营效率低和缺乏有效的衔接机制等制度设计缺陷。结合国内外的实践经验，新型农村社会养老保险制度优化的思路与建议是：充分发挥政府的主导作用，统筹考虑城乡养老保险制度的整体规划；建立和完善新型农村社会养老保险制度与不同层次农村社会养老保障制度之间的转换渠道，逐步整合农村现有的老农保、被征地农民养老保险、农民工养老保险、农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助政策、农村最低生活保障制度等；优化制度设计，提高政策吸引力；建立政府财政补贴长效机制；切实加强经办管理服务能力建设；加快推动立法，，确保新农保制度健康发展。
[Abstract]:Social changes, economic transformation, especially the rapid development of urbanization weaken the old-age function of traditional rural families. In this context, the pension of Chinese farmers, especially the rural migrant workers with rich mobility or the peasants who have been expropriated, is the most serious and urgent problem in the rural society. The State Council issued the guidance on the pilot of the new rural social old-age insurance, which marks the start of the pilot work of the national new rural social old-age insurance. The paper introduces in detail the development course of the new rural social endowment insurance in China, the foreign rural social endowment insurance practice and its enlightenment to our country, and analyzes the current situation of the construction of the new rural social endowment insurance system in different regions. This paper points out the main problems existing in the construction of the new rural social old-age insurance system, and puts forward the general ideas and countermeasures for optimizing the new rural social old-age insurance system. In addition to institutional factors, non-institutional factors, such as ideological factors, have a strong explanatory power to farmers' participation in insurance. The experience of foreign developed countries shows that the development of rural social endowment insurance should respect the national conditions, follow the law of the development of social security, the government should provide financial support, there must be relevant legislative protection. The research shows that the biggest bright spot of the new rural social endowment insurance system is that the government begins to bear the responsibility of raising funds, but the central burden is generally small, the local financial pressure is large and the share ratio is unreasonable. In addition, there are still some problems in the construction of the new rural social old-age insurance system in China, such as the low level of current security, the unreasonable quota payment system, the lack of incentive mechanism to participate in the insurance, the unpractical standard of personal account pension. Fund management and operation efficiency is low and lack of effective linkage mechanism and other institutional design defects. Combined with the practical experience at home and abroad, the new rural social endowment insurance system optimization ideas and suggestions are: give full play to the leading role of the government, overall consideration of the overall planning of urban and rural old-age insurance system; To establish and perfect the conversion channels between the new rural social endowment insurance system and the rural social old-age security system at different levels, to gradually integrate the existing rural old-age insurance, the land-expropriated peasants' old-age insurance, the migrant workers' old-age insurance, Rural family planning incentive support policy, rural minimum living security system, etc.; optimize the design of the system to enhance policy attraction; establish a long-term mechanism for government financial subsidies; effectively strengthen the capacity building of administrative services; and speed up the promotion of legislation. To ensure the healthy development of the new rural insurance system.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.89;F842.67

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