中国未成年人医疗保障问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 09:38
【摘要】：未成年人是祖国的希望,未成年人的健康保障及社会保障体系关系到祖国社会的和谐稳定，是每个国家社会保障体系的重要组成部分。在中国，医疗保障体系的建设始于1949年新中国成立后，目标是在城镇建立一个覆盖城镇职工的医疗保障平台，在农村建立农村合作医疗制度。当时城镇未成年人的医疗保障形式为，当未成年人发生门诊、住院费用时，由公费(国家)或劳保(企业)报销50%。虽然当时的医疗技术水平及服务水平不高，医疗费用报销水平也较低，但其覆盖面较为广泛，几乎涵盖了所有城镇职工及其子女，有力保障了当时一代未成年人的健康成长。在当时的制度中，未成年人是跟随其父母或家庭一同享受医疗保障的，且这种保障制度实行了四十多年，在保障未成年人身体健康及维护社会和谐稳定方面发挥了重要作用。但自上世纪八十年来以来，国家企事业单位随着改革开放和市场经济的发展也发生了巨大变革，大批劳动者加入非国有企业及私营企业的队伍，旧有的城镇职工医疗保障制度已难覆盖城镇职工未成年子女。至于农村的合作医疗制度，多数地区也随着土地承包制度的改革不复存在。现今，中国部分城市重新建立起了自己的未成年人医疗保障制度，但由于一些条件的限制及由其保障性质所决定的等多方面原因，未成年人医疗保障的覆盖率扔不理想。2004年起，农村合作医疗制度于开始在部分省市展开试点，但至今仍未覆盖所有农村地区。此外，西部及贫困地区的众多未成年人无任何医疗保障。也就是说，还有很多的未成年人没有被医疗保障制度所覆盖，当疾病来临时，他们不得不被被巨额的医疗费挡在生命之门外，致使孩子丧失生命，父母身心受到重创。那些能够在社会爱心人士帮助下重新站起来的儿童也只是众多患病儿童当中的幸运儿。 笔者分析了中国未成年人医疗保障的发展历程与现实状况，摸清现今中国未成年人医疗保障存在的问题、供给与需求状况，分析了建立健全未中国成年人医疗保障体系的必要性、可行性，重点将国内已经建立未成年人医疗保障制度的两座城市—深圳、上海作为“试点”进行研究，分析其优缺点，，为其他将要建立未成年人医疗保障制度的城市乃至中国建立统一的未成年人医疗保障制度提供可借鉴的经验，并研究分析了国外发达国家与发展中国家在未成年人医疗保障方面的举措，在此基础上提出了建立适合中国国情的未成年人医疗保障的一些设想和建议。具体如下： 第一章：笔者对未成年人医疗保障的相关概念进行界定，并阐述了相关理论基础； 第二章：阐述了中国未成年人医疗保障的历史演变与存在问题，从问题入手，去进一步研究解决对策； 第三章：从供需角度去分析中国未成年人医疗保障现有供给形式，及中国对未成年人医疗保障的需求，可以很明显的看出，需求大于供给； 第四章：分别分析发达国家、发展中国家的未成人年医疗保障情况，希望对中国建立统一的未成年人医疗保障体系有所借鉴； 第五章：分析、评价深圳、上海两座城市所建立的未成年人医疗保险制度，以此作为国内“试点”，为其他城市乃至全国建立统一的未成年人医疗保障体系做出参考； 第六章：通过上述章节的分析，笔者提出了逐步建立适合中国国情的未成年人医疗保障体系的构想，并提出建立过程中应当注意的问题。
[Abstract]:Minors are the hope of the motherland. The health security and social security system for minors are related to the harmony and stability of the motherland. It is an important part of the social security system of every country. In China, the construction of the medical security system began after the founding of New China in 1949, and the goal is to establish a medical system covering urban workers in cities and towns. At that time, the form of medical security for Urban Minors was that when the minors had outpatient service and hospitalization expenses, they were reimbursed 50% by public (state) or labor insurance (enterprise). Although the medical technology and service level were not high, the reimbursement level of medical expenses was also low, but its coverage was relatively large. It covers almost all urban workers and their children, and effectively guarantees the healthy growth of a generation of minors at that time. In the system at that time, minors enjoyed medical security together with their parents or families, and this security system has been implemented for more than 40 years, in order to protect the physical health of minors and maintain social harmony. However, since 1980s, with the reform and opening up and the development of market economy, great changes have taken place in state-owned enterprises and institutions. A large number of workers have joined the ranks of non-state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. The old medical security system for urban workers has been difficult to cover the minor children of urban workers. Nowadays, some cities in China have re-established their own medical security system for minors. However, due to the limitations of some conditions and the nature of the security, the coverage rate of the medical security for minors has been abandoned. Ideal. Since 2004, the rural cooperative medical system has been piloted in some provinces and municipalities, but it has not yet covered all rural areas. In addition, many minors in Western and poor areas do not have any medical security. That is to say, many minors are not covered by the medical security system, when the disease comes, they must not. Those children who can stand up again with the help of social caregivers are just the lucky ones among the many sick children.
The author analyzes the development course and current situation of China's minor medical security, finds out the existing problems, supply and demand of China's minor medical security, analyzes the necessity and feasibility of establishing and improving the minor medical security system in China, and puts emphasis on the establishment of two minor medical security systems in China. Shenzhen, Shanghai as a "pilot" study, analysis of its advantages and disadvantages, for other cities to establish a juvenile medical security system and even China to establish a unified juvenile medical security system to provide reference experience, and research and analysis of foreign developed and developing countries in the juvenile medical security On the basis of these measures, some ideas and suggestions are put forward to establish the minor medical security suitable for China's national conditions.
Chapter 1: The author defines the relevant concepts of minor medical security, and expounds the relevant theoretical basis;
The second chapter: elaborates the historical evolution and existing problems of China's minor medical security, starting from the problems, to further study the countermeasures;
Chapter 3: From the perspective of supply and demand, it can be seen that the demand is greater than the supply by analyzing the existing supply forms of China's minor medical security and China's demand for minor medical security.
Chapter IV: separately analyze the medical security situation of minors in developed countries and developing countries, hoping to draw lessons from the establishment of a unified medical security system for minors in China.
Chapter Five analyzes and evaluates the minor medical insurance system established in Shenzhen and Shanghai as a domestic "pilot" to provide reference for other cities and even the whole country to establish a unified minor medical insurance system.
Chapter 6: Through the analysis of the above chapters, the author puts forward the idea of gradually establishing the minor medical security system suitable for China's national conditions, and puts forward the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of establishing.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.684;R197.1
本文编号：2191272
[Abstract]:Minors are the hope of the motherland. The health security and social security system for minors are related to the harmony and stability of the motherland. It is an important part of the social security system of every country. In China, the construction of the medical security system began after the founding of New China in 1949, and the goal is to establish a medical system covering urban workers in cities and towns. At that time, the form of medical security for Urban Minors was that when the minors had outpatient service and hospitalization expenses, they were reimbursed 50% by public (state) or labor insurance (enterprise). Although the medical technology and service level were not high, the reimbursement level of medical expenses was also low, but its coverage was relatively large. It covers almost all urban workers and their children, and effectively guarantees the healthy growth of a generation of minors at that time. In the system at that time, minors enjoyed medical security together with their parents or families, and this security system has been implemented for more than 40 years, in order to protect the physical health of minors and maintain social harmony. However, since 1980s, with the reform and opening up and the development of market economy, great changes have taken place in state-owned enterprises and institutions. A large number of workers have joined the ranks of non-state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. The old medical security system for urban workers has been difficult to cover the minor children of urban workers. Nowadays, some cities in China have re-established their own medical security system for minors. However, due to the limitations of some conditions and the nature of the security, the coverage rate of the medical security for minors has been abandoned. Ideal. Since 2004, the rural cooperative medical system has been piloted in some provinces and municipalities, but it has not yet covered all rural areas. In addition, many minors in Western and poor areas do not have any medical security. That is to say, many minors are not covered by the medical security system, when the disease comes, they must not. Those children who can stand up again with the help of social caregivers are just the lucky ones among the many sick children.
The author analyzes the development course and current situation of China's minor medical security, finds out the existing problems, supply and demand of China's minor medical security, analyzes the necessity and feasibility of establishing and improving the minor medical security system in China, and puts emphasis on the establishment of two minor medical security systems in China. Shenzhen, Shanghai as a "pilot" study, analysis of its advantages and disadvantages, for other cities to establish a juvenile medical security system and even China to establish a unified juvenile medical security system to provide reference experience, and research and analysis of foreign developed and developing countries in the juvenile medical security On the basis of these measures, some ideas and suggestions are put forward to establish the minor medical security suitable for China's national conditions.
Chapter 1: The author defines the relevant concepts of minor medical security, and expounds the relevant theoretical basis;
The second chapter: elaborates the historical evolution and existing problems of China's minor medical security, starting from the problems, to further study the countermeasures;
Chapter 3: From the perspective of supply and demand, it can be seen that the demand is greater than the supply by analyzing the existing supply forms of China's minor medical security and China's demand for minor medical security.
Chapter IV: separately analyze the medical security situation of minors in developed countries and developing countries, hoping to draw lessons from the establishment of a unified medical security system for minors in China.
Chapter Five analyzes and evaluates the minor medical insurance system established in Shenzhen and Shanghai as a domestic "pilot" to provide reference for other cities and even the whole country to establish a unified minor medical insurance system.
Chapter 6: Through the analysis of the above chapters, the author puts forward the idea of gradually establishing the minor medical security system suitable for China's national conditions, and puts forward the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of establishing.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.684;R197.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 曲顺兰;窦峥;陈欣;;中国儿童医疗保险问题研究[J];山东经济;2009年03期
2 刘敬循 ,李伟光;英国国家卫生服务保障制度[J];山东劳动保障;2004年07期
本文编号：2191272
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