由“东日本大地震”引发的对中国地震保险的思考
发布时间：2018-09-19 05:49
【摘要】：近年来地震灾害给全世界人民带来了巨大的灾难,在地震中伤亡的人数和损失的财产不计其数,其造成的经济损失也是难以估量的。在损失严重的地震面前,如果仅仅依靠政府来救灾显然并不可能。地震保险具有分散风险的功能和经济补偿的功能,因此地震保险在地震灾害中发挥的作用应该受到重视。从古至今只要发生地震灾害就一定会给人们带来巨大的灾难,中国也是全球地震发生次数较多的国家,由于中国恰好处于环太平洋地震带上,因此地震给中国造成了难以估量的经济损失。因为中国的巨灾风险管理主要是在计划经济体制上发展起来的,所以巨灾发生后生活设备的恢复主要依靠政府财政拨款和社会捐款、捐物。但是对于一般的民众由地震造成的经济损失通常采取“听天由命”的方式。汶川大地震的发生凸显了中国地震风险补偿机制的不足,也加快了中国经济社会对地震保险需求的紧迫感。东日本大地震的发生给日本造成了巨大的灾难,由于核泄漏引发的环境污染也给世界各国带来了重重危机。面对国难日本地震保险以及再保险制度在地震巨灾中所发挥的分散风险能力也起到了减轻地震损失的强大作用,因此,保险在地震灾害中应该受到广大人民群众的重视。日本在《地震保险法》中要求地震保险是由商业保险公司和政府共同参与的,并且对于经营地震保险的保险公司政府给予政策上的支持和相应的税收减免优惠措施,通过这种方式保证了商业保险公司对于承保地震风险的积极性。文章基于对目前中国地震保险的发展现状和存在问题的分析,借鉴了日本在大地震中的一系列措施,通过对我国地震保险开展的必要性和可行性进行分析,提出了适合我国基本国情的地震保险对策措施,即建立专门的地震保险法律；采取政府和商业保险公司共同参与的模式；设立地震保险的专项基金：增强公众的地震保险意识等等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, earthquake disaster has brought great disaster to people all over the world. The number of casualties and property lost in the earthquake is innumerable, and the economic loss caused by it is also incalculable. In the face of a devastating earthquake, it is clear that it is not possible to rely solely on the government for disaster relief. Earthquake insurance has the function of dispersing risk and economic compensation, so the function of earthquake insurance in earthquake disaster should be paid more attention to. As long as earthquake disasters occur from ancient times to the present, they will surely bring huge disasters to people. China is also the country with more earthquakes in the world, because China happens to be on the Pacific Rim seismic belt. As a result, the earthquake caused incalculable economic losses to China. Because China's catastrophe risk management is mainly developed in the planned economic system, the recovery of living equipment after catastrophe mainly depends on government financial allocations and social donations. But the economic losses caused by earthquakes are often "resigned" to ordinary people. The occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake highlights the deficiency of earthquake risk compensation mechanism in China and accelerates the sense of urgency of China's economic and social demand for earthquake insurance. The East Japan earthquake caused a great disaster to Japan, and the environmental pollution caused by nuclear leakage also brought a lot of crisis to the countries all over the world. In the face of the national disaster, Japan earthquake insurance and reinsurance system play a strong role in mitigating the earthquake losses. Therefore, the insurance should be paid more attention by the people in the earthquake disaster. In the earthquake Insurance Law, Japan requires that earthquake insurance be jointly participated by commercial insurance companies and the government, and that the government give policy support and corresponding tax relief and preferential measures to the insurance companies operating earthquake insurance. In this way, the commercial insurance companies to insure against earthquake risk enthusiasm. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of earthquake insurance in China, this paper draws lessons from a series of measures of Japan in the earthquake, and analyzes the necessity and feasibility of earthquake insurance in China. The countermeasures of earthquake insurance suitable for the basic situation of our country are put forward, that is, the establishment of special earthquake insurance laws, the adoption of the mode of joint participation of the government and commercial insurance companies, and the establishment of special earthquake insurance laws. The establishment of earthquake insurance fund: to enhance public awareness of earthquake insurance, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F842.64
本文编号：2249228
[Abstract]:In recent years, earthquake disaster has brought great disaster to people all over the world. The number of casualties and property lost in the earthquake is innumerable, and the economic loss caused by it is also incalculable. In the face of a devastating earthquake, it is clear that it is not possible to rely solely on the government for disaster relief. Earthquake insurance has the function of dispersing risk and economic compensation, so the function of earthquake insurance in earthquake disaster should be paid more attention to. As long as earthquake disasters occur from ancient times to the present, they will surely bring huge disasters to people. China is also the country with more earthquakes in the world, because China happens to be on the Pacific Rim seismic belt. As a result, the earthquake caused incalculable economic losses to China. Because China's catastrophe risk management is mainly developed in the planned economic system, the recovery of living equipment after catastrophe mainly depends on government financial allocations and social donations. But the economic losses caused by earthquakes are often "resigned" to ordinary people. The occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake highlights the deficiency of earthquake risk compensation mechanism in China and accelerates the sense of urgency of China's economic and social demand for earthquake insurance. The East Japan earthquake caused a great disaster to Japan, and the environmental pollution caused by nuclear leakage also brought a lot of crisis to the countries all over the world. In the face of the national disaster, Japan earthquake insurance and reinsurance system play a strong role in mitigating the earthquake losses. Therefore, the insurance should be paid more attention by the people in the earthquake disaster. In the earthquake Insurance Law, Japan requires that earthquake insurance be jointly participated by commercial insurance companies and the government, and that the government give policy support and corresponding tax relief and preferential measures to the insurance companies operating earthquake insurance. In this way, the commercial insurance companies to insure against earthquake risk enthusiasm. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of earthquake insurance in China, this paper draws lessons from a series of measures of Japan in the earthquake, and analyzes the necessity and feasibility of earthquake insurance in China. The countermeasures of earthquake insurance suitable for the basic situation of our country are put forward, that is, the establishment of special earthquake insurance laws, the adoption of the mode of joint participation of the government and commercial insurance companies, and the establishment of special earthquake insurance laws. The establishment of earthquake insurance fund: to enhance public awareness of earthquake insurance, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F842.64
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相关期刊论文 前3条
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3 孙蓉;张剑;;中国特色地震风险处置机制的构建[J];西南金融;2008年06期
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