农村互助养老模式研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 15:33

【摘要】：改革开放以来，随着社会转型的加剧，我国农村地区老年人的养老环境发生巨大改变，农村老龄化问题日益加深，面临的养老问题更加严峻，，出现了农村老人该怎么养，谁来养，怎样才能养好等一系列急需解决的问题。农村互助养老正是在这种背景下为解决现阶段我国农村养老问题而产生的，国家于2012年提出要加强农村社区建设，发挥农村社区的养老功能，明确指出以建制村和较大自然村为基点，依托村民自治和集体经济，积极探索农村互助养老新模式，号召在全国进行建设和推广。由于这种养老模式刚刚起步，处于试点探索阶段，理论研究方面尚不成熟，对于农村互助养老模式的系统性分析和研究处于空白状态。基于这样的思考，本文从理论和实地研究两方面分别对农村互助养老模式进行了分析和阐述：一方面，结合相关的社会学理论对农村互助养老模式进行了概念界定，并对其存在和发展的理论依据及发展思路进行了深入分析，认为农村互助养老模式是适应我国农村社会转型，在当前社会经济发展条件下，通过互助方式调动农村各种养老资源实现的由家庭养老模式向社会养老模式过渡阶段有关养老的一整套运行机制和结构的理论性概括，这一模式的提出应符合社会转型的现实状况同时也可实现对农村传统社会资本和现代社会资本的有效整合，从而为解决现阶段农村养老面临的问题构建一个中观平台，对于农村的发展具有重要价值。另一方面，在对起步相对较早，发展较成熟，在全国率先实现了全覆盖的河北肥乡农村互助幸福院的发展现状、运行机制、特点、效果实地调研基础上，通过系统分析其推广的优势及可行性、现阶段存在的问题，发现农村互助养老模式不论从其所产生的区域文化背景、提供养老资源的主体、具体运行机制，还是从其是否能够满足老年人养老需求的效果来看，农村互助养老模式都具有积极的推广价值和可行性，但是与此同时这种养老模式在具体的运行过程中还存在对政府依赖严重;运作方式行政色彩浓厚；注资主体缺失；服务定位不准确；缺乏对老人自助能力的专业指导等问题。在理论和实践经验分析基础上，从原则和具体运行的配置内容等方面试图完善这种农村互助养老模式，为这一模式在全国农村范围的普及推广提供一个整体的发展框架；针对现存问题，从管理、经费、服务、体系化发展这四方面，提出了农村互助养老模式具体发展建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the aggravation of social transformation, the aging environment of the elderly in rural areas in China has changed dramatically, the problem of aging in rural areas is deepening day by day, and the problem of providing for the aged has become more serious. Who will raise, how to raise and so on a series of urgent problems. It is against this background that the rural mutual support for the aged has emerged in order to solve the problem of providing for the aged in our country at this stage. In 2012, the state proposed to strengthen the construction of rural communities and give full play to the function of providing for the aged in rural communities. It is clearly pointed out that the new pattern of mutual support for the aged in rural areas should be actively explored based on the establishment of villages and larger natural villages and relying on villagers' autonomy and collective economy, and the construction and popularization of these models should be called for in the whole country. As this pension model is just beginning, it is in the stage of pilot exploration, the theoretical research is not mature, and the systematic analysis and research of rural mutual support pension model is in blank state. Based on this thinking, this paper analyzes and expounds the rural mutual support pension model from the two aspects of theory and field research: on the one hand, it defines the concept of rural mutual support pension model in combination with the relevant sociological theory. The theoretical basis for its existence and development and its development ideas are deeply analyzed. It is considered that the mode of mutual support for the aged in rural areas is suitable for the transformation of rural society in our country, and under the current conditions of social and economic development, A theoretical summary of a set of operational mechanisms and structures for the aged in the transition period from the family old-age model to the social old-age model, which is realized by mobilizing various rural old-age resources through mutual aid. This model should conform to the reality of social transformation and realize the effective integration of rural traditional social capital and modern social capital, so as to build a meso platform for solving the problems facing rural old-age support at the present stage. For the development of rural areas have important value. On the other hand, on the basis of field investigation on the development status, operating mechanism, characteristics and effects of the Hebei Rural Mutual Assistance and Happiness Institute, which started relatively early, developed more mature and achieved full coverage throughout the country, Based on the systematic analysis of the advantages and feasibility of its popularization and the existing problems at the present stage, it is found that the rural mutual support pension model provides the main body and the specific operating mechanism of the endowment resources, regardless of the regional cultural background it produces. Or from the effect of whether or not it can meet the needs of the elderly, the rural mutual support pension model has positive promotion value and feasibility. But at the same time, there are still some problems such as dependence on government, lack of administrative color, lack of capital injection, inaccurate service orientation and lack of professional guidance on self-help ability of the elderly. On the basis of theoretical and practical experience analysis, this paper tries to perfect this mode of mutual support for the aged in rural areas from the aspects of principle and concrete operation, so as to provide an overall development framework for the popularization and popularization of this model in the rural areas of the country. In view of the existing problems, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the development of rural mutual support model from four aspects: management, fund, service and systematic development.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.6;D632.1

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