社会保险与中等收入群体的扩大

发布时间：2018-11-04 08:49

【摘要】：中国的发展,在世界各大国的比较中有一个很特殊的方面,那就是有一个长期的目标和规划。为了这个目标,几代人持续追求、矢志不移,功成不必在我。自改革开放初期,中国就确立了建设小康社会的奋斗目标,21世纪初又提出到2020年全面建成小康社会的目标。"全面小康社会",是中国人民对未来幸福生活的梦想,它的一个重要的量化指标就是"扩大中等收入者比重,努力缩小城乡、区域、行业收入分配差距,逐步形成橄榄型分配格局"。当前,中国进入经济新常态和社会转型的新阶段,能否成功跨越"中等收入陷阱",成为一个关系中国发展前途的关键问题。我们可以给"中等收入陷阱"添加一层含义:一方面指一个发展中国家能否成功跨越中等收入国家发展阶段,进入高收入国家发展阶段和如期实现现代化;另一方面意味着在发展中能否防止两极分化,成功建成一个中等收入群体占主体的橄榄型社会。这两个方面实际上是密切相连的,因为绝大多数陷入"中等收入陷阱"的国家都出现了贫富悬殊问题。在这种大背景下,开展中等收入群体的研究,在中国当下具有非常重要的意义。首先,在政治层面,中国要建成的中国特色社会主义社会,"社会主义"是其社会本质的定语,这不仅意味着要获得生产力快速发展的优势,还意味着必须走"共同富裕"的发展道路。其次,在经济层面,中国今后的长期发展,无法再主要依赖于大规模投资和出口,国内消费将成为中国长期持续发展的重要支撑,而没有中等收入群体的壮大和大众消费的成长,就不可能拥有强大的消费驱动。再者,在社会层面,世界各国的经验表明,一个中等收入群体占主体的橄榄型社会,才是一个能够保证社会长期和谐安定、人民安居乐业的社会。最后,在文化层面,中等收入群体也是主流价值观形成的基础,在一个中等收入群体占主体的社会中,才能有效防止各种极端主义的形成。
[Abstract]:China's development has a very special aspect in the comparison of the world's great powers, that is, it has a long-term goal and plan. For this goal, several generations of people continue to pursue, unswervingly, achievements need not be in me. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China has established the goal of building a well-off society, and the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 has been put forward at the beginning of the 21st century. " A well-to-do society in an all-round way is the dream of the Chinese people for a happy life in the future. One of its important quantitative indicators is to "expand the proportion of middle-income people and strive to narrow the income distribution gap between urban and rural areas, regions and industries." Gradually form the olive-shaped distribution pattern. At present, China has entered a new stage of economic normal and social transformation. Whether China can successfully cross the "middle income trap" has become a key issue related to the future of China's development. We can add a layer of meaning to the "middle-income trap": on the one hand, whether a developing country can successfully cross the development stage of a middle-income country, enter the development stage of a high-income country and realize modernization on schedule; On the other hand, it means whether we can prevent polarization in development and build a middle-income group-dominated olive-shaped society. These two aspects are actually closely linked, as the vast majority of countries caught in the middle-income trap suffer from the disparity between the rich and the poor. Under this background, it is of great significance to carry out the research on middle-income groups in China. First of all, at the political level, the socialist society with Chinese characteristics to be built in China, "socialism" is the attribute of its social essence, which means not only to gain the advantage of rapid development of productive forces. It also means that we must follow the path of "common prosperity". Secondly, at the economic level, China's long-term development in the future can no longer depend mainly on large-scale investment and exports, and domestic consumption will become an important support for China's long-term sustainable development. Without the growth of middle-income groups and mass consumption, there can be no strong consumption drive. Furthermore, on the social level, the experience of the world countries shows that an olive society with middle income group as the main body is a society which can guarantee the long-term harmony and stability of the society and the people living and working in peace and contentment. Finally, at the cultural level, the middle income group is also the basis of the formation of mainstream values. In a society where the middle income group occupies the main body, the formation of various extremism can be effectively prevented.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院;
【分类号】：F124.7;F842.61

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