生育津贴标准的政策选择问题研究
发布时间：2019-03-04 13:49
【摘要】：社会保障本质上是一种收入再分配的制度，是对国民收入进行的一种再分配形式。生育保险作为社会保障制度的构成，本身就是一种经济再分配机制。而作为生育保险重要组成部分的生育津贴，以及对于生育津贴标准的厘定，又直接关系到生育保险基金在生育妇女之间究竟该如何恰当分配的问题。 研究生育津贴标准的政策选择问题，其意义远超过生育保险制度本身。社会保障是一个纷繁复杂而又庞大的社会再分配系统，有众多的层次、项目及其待遇。虽然其总体的价值判断和取向往往趋向于一致，但如果具体到不同层次、不同项目及其待遇上，由于其细分的特点而会产生诸多的差别，从而引发政策选择的不同考量，有些甚至可能会产生矛盾和冲突。因而研究生育保险标准的政策选择问题，具有普遍的共性意义。 本文在研究方法上采了文献研究、实证分析、比较分析等方法，形成对事实的科学认识。有目的、有计划、有系统地搜集各方面资料，比较国内外生育保险政策及其实践过程，作为客观参考和借鉴。分析现有的有关生育保险制度方面的不同研究理论，比较不同理念间的联系和冲突，争取找到一个均衡点，制定出一个科学合理、真正发挥生育保险应有作用的支付标准。 生育津贴标准经历了从各地标准执行的不一致到最终统一按《社会保险法》所规定的标准计发的过程。现行标准有其重要的现实意义和巨大作用，但同时也或多或少存在着一些问题，诸如标准的界定过于单一化等。 不同的政策选择，无不折射出政府对于生育保险制度所持价值立场、价值态度和倾向的不同判断。生育保险政策选择时应当首先确定生育保险的基本属性，明确其正确的价值判断和取向。同时审慎考量多种关系共同的影响，寻求应当被优先贯彻的理念或原则。避免在小范围内求得分配相对均等的同时，在更大范围内制造出新的不均衡的情况发生。 应当坚持公平优先理念，缩小职工间的收入差距，倾斜保护弱势群体，肯定广大女职工的人类再生产价值，保障幼儿权益，展现社会关怀，突出社会责任。 生育津贴标准虽不能确定在一个过高的支付水平上，但应充分考虑生育妇女的基本生活保障需要。以使标准的增长能做到与物价上涨水平相适应，与经济发展水平相适应。尽可能照顾到大多数人的利益，兼顾好各种理念及原则。从维护社会和谐稳定的角度出发，为大多数生育妇女在这一特殊时期提供更好的生活保障，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。
[Abstract]:Social security is essentially a system of income redistribution and a form of redistribution of national income. As the constitution of social security system, maternity insurance itself is an economic redistribution mechanism. As an important part of maternity insurance, maternity allowance and the determination of the rate of maternity allowance are directly related to the proper distribution of maternity insurance fund among women. The study of the policy choice of maternity allowance rates is far more significant than the maternity insurance system itself. Social security is a complicated and huge social redistribution system, there are many levels, projects and treatment. Although its overall value judgment and orientation tend to be consistent, if specific to different levels, different projects and their treatment, due to their characteristics of subdivision, there will be a lot of differences, which will lead to different considerations of policy choices, Some may even produce contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, it is of universal significance to study the policy choice of maternity insurance standards. In this paper, literature research, empirical analysis, comparative analysis and other methods are adopted to form a scientific understanding of the facts. Objective, planned, systematic collection of all aspects of data, comparison of domestic and foreign birth insurance policies and their practical process, as an objective reference and reference. This paper analyzes the different research theories about maternity insurance system, compares the relations and conflicts between different ideas, tries to find a balance point, and formulates a scientific and reasonable payment standard for giving full play to the proper function of maternity insurance. The rates of maternity allowance go from the inconsistent implementation of local standards to the final harmonization of the standards stipulated in the Social Security Act. The current standard has its important practical significance and great effect, but at the same time, there are also some problems, such as the definition of the standard is too simple and so on. Different policy choices reflect the government's different judgment on the value position, attitude and tendency of maternity insurance system. Birth insurance policy choice should first determine the basic attributes of maternity insurance, make clear its correct value judgment and orientation. At the same time, carefully consider the common impact of a variety of relationships and seek ideas or principles that should be implemented as a matter of priority. In order to avoid the occurrence of new imbalance in a larger range, a relatively equal distribution can be obtained in a small range at the same time. We should adhere to the idea of giving priority to fairness, narrow the income gap between workers, favor the protection of vulnerable groups, affirm the value of human reproduction of the vast number of female workers, safeguard the rights and interests of young children, show social concern and highlight social responsibility. Although the rate of maternity allowance can not be determined at an excessive level of payment, the basic living security needs of reproductive women should be fully taken into account. In order to make the standard growth can be consistent with the level of price rise, and the level of economic development. As much as possible to take into account the interests of the majority of people, taking into account all kinds of ideas and principles. From the point of view of maintaining social harmony and stability, the majority of childbearing women will be guaranteed a better life in this special period, so that the benefits of development will be more and more equitable for all people.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.617
本文编号：2434318
[Abstract]:Social security is essentially a system of income redistribution and a form of redistribution of national income. As the constitution of social security system, maternity insurance itself is an economic redistribution mechanism. As an important part of maternity insurance, maternity allowance and the determination of the rate of maternity allowance are directly related to the proper distribution of maternity insurance fund among women. The study of the policy choice of maternity allowance rates is far more significant than the maternity insurance system itself. Social security is a complicated and huge social redistribution system, there are many levels, projects and treatment. Although its overall value judgment and orientation tend to be consistent, if specific to different levels, different projects and their treatment, due to their characteristics of subdivision, there will be a lot of differences, which will lead to different considerations of policy choices, Some may even produce contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, it is of universal significance to study the policy choice of maternity insurance standards. In this paper, literature research, empirical analysis, comparative analysis and other methods are adopted to form a scientific understanding of the facts. Objective, planned, systematic collection of all aspects of data, comparison of domestic and foreign birth insurance policies and their practical process, as an objective reference and reference. This paper analyzes the different research theories about maternity insurance system, compares the relations and conflicts between different ideas, tries to find a balance point, and formulates a scientific and reasonable payment standard for giving full play to the proper function of maternity insurance. The rates of maternity allowance go from the inconsistent implementation of local standards to the final harmonization of the standards stipulated in the Social Security Act. The current standard has its important practical significance and great effect, but at the same time, there are also some problems, such as the definition of the standard is too simple and so on. Different policy choices reflect the government's different judgment on the value position, attitude and tendency of maternity insurance system. Birth insurance policy choice should first determine the basic attributes of maternity insurance, make clear its correct value judgment and orientation. At the same time, carefully consider the common impact of a variety of relationships and seek ideas or principles that should be implemented as a matter of priority. In order to avoid the occurrence of new imbalance in a larger range, a relatively equal distribution can be obtained in a small range at the same time. We should adhere to the idea of giving priority to fairness, narrow the income gap between workers, favor the protection of vulnerable groups, affirm the value of human reproduction of the vast number of female workers, safeguard the rights and interests of young children, show social concern and highlight social responsibility. Although the rate of maternity allowance can not be determined at an excessive level of payment, the basic living security needs of reproductive women should be fully taken into account. In order to make the standard growth can be consistent with the level of price rise, and the level of economic development. As much as possible to take into account the interests of the majority of people, taking into account all kinds of ideas and principles. From the point of view of maintaining social harmony and stability, the majority of childbearing women will be guaranteed a better life in this special period, so that the benefits of development will be more and more equitable for all people.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.617
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