面向问题的需求可追踪性方法及技术支持

发布时间：2018-08-09 20:00

【摘要】：随着计算机应用技术的不断进步和发展,人们所使用的计算机软件系统日趋复杂、规模越来越大,软件开发成本不断提高,导致软件开发所面临的风险随之加大。软件已经成为信息基础设施,并具备密集型的特点。一方面它成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分,如电子政府,电子商务和手机软件等,另一方面,一些高尖端的技术领域,如航空航天,国防军事等,对软件的质量提出了很高的要求。然而,软件开发的现况和质量远未达到人们的期望,例如,很多软件产品不能按预期计划和在经费预算内完成,软件的质量低下等。软件因质量问题所导致的故障,常常给人们的工作和生活带来诸多不便,甚至造成重大经济、财产和生命损失。虽然产生上述问题的原因有很多,但软件需求问题可以说是其中的一个重要原因。许多研究人员发现,当软件开发项目失败时,软件需求问题通常正是核心问题。因此,对需求工程技术的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。问题框架是需求工程的主要方法之一,已得到需求工程界的广泛重视和研究。作为面向问题的需求分析方法的核心,在问题框架方法中,软件规格(specifications)被定义为计算机周围应用领域交界处计算机的行为描述,而需求(requirements)被定义为客户在现实世界中想要得到的环境行为描述。因此一个软件开发问题就是提供一种正确的软件规格,使其在给定的上下文环境能够满足客户提出的需求。问题框架方法的一种核心思想是机器领域将通过与问题领域之间的交互(interaction)来满足需求。因此交互是需求建模的重要元素,表示为机器领域和问题领域之间以及问题领域和需求之间的连接。问题框架方法强调软件对现实世界的作用,通过构建上下文图(context diagram)、问题图(problem diagram)来对问题建模,并运用问题渐变(Problem Progression)等方法将用户需求推演变换,实现从用户需求到软件规约的平滑的和可推理的变换。本文研究的目的是,在问题变换过程中保持问题图模型语义的正确性和需求的可追踪性。在研究方法上,采用杰克逊提出的问题渐变思想,结合模型驱动方法并引入了3套规则,并设计了相应的实现算法,同时采用CSP(通信顺序进程)语言给出模型变换的指称语义。本文的研究成果包括以下内容：首先提供了一种基于问题框架的需求可追踪性方法及技术支持,在问题模型变换过程中不仅保持了图形化的可追踪性(graphical traceability),而且还实现了自然语言和形式化语义上的可追踪性,因此大大提高了基于问题框架的需求分析方法的实用性及严谨性。此外,本文还设计了实现以上可追踪性方法的计算机辅助支持工具,并给出相对应的实现算法,半自动地实现对问题图模型的变换。最后通过一个智能家居的案例研究验证了本方法的可行性和增强了工具在实际使用时的交互性和易理解性。文本阐述了一种面向问题的需求分析方法和技术支持,在问题模型变换的过程中追踪需求,同时保证问题图语义的正确性,并通过计算机辅助工具以文本或形式化符号表示导出用户的需求,为实现从用户需求到软件规约提供了一种方法,从而加快了面向问题方法从理论研究走向实际应用的步伐。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of computer application technology, the computer software system used by people is becoming more and more complex, the scale is growing, the cost of software development is increasing, and the risk of software development is increasing. The software has become the information infrastructure and has the characteristics of dense. On the one hand, it becomes people's life. On the other hand, some highly advanced technologies, such as aerospace, defense, military and so on, have high requirements for the quality of software. However, the current and quality of software development is far from the expectations of people, for example, many software products are not expected to be expected. The problems caused by the quality problems of the software are often completed in the plan and in the budget. The problems caused by the quality of the software often bring a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life, and even cause significant economic, property and life losses. Although there are many reasons for the problems, the problem of software requirements can be said to be an important source of the problem. Many researchers have found that when software development projects fail, the problem of software requirements is usually the core problem. Therefore, the research on demand engineering technology is of great theoretical and practical significance. The problem framework is one of the main methods of demand engineering and has been widely paid attention to and studied by the demand engineering community. At the core of the analysis method, in the problem frame method, the software specification (specifications) is defined as the behavior description of the computer at the boundary of the application field around the computer, and the requirement (requirements) is defined as the description of the environmental behavior that the customer wants in the real world. So a software development problem is to provide a correct method. One of the core ideas of the problem frame approach is that the machine domain will meet the requirements through the interaction with the problem domain (interaction). Therefore, interaction is an important element of the requirement modeling, representing between the machine domain and the problem domain and the question. The problem frame method emphasizes the effect of software on the real world, modeling the problem by constructing context diagram (problem diagram), and using the method of Problem Progression to transform the user's requirements, and realize the level of the software specification from the user needs to the software specification. The purpose of this paper is to maintain the correctness of the semantic and the traceability of the problem graph model in the process of problem transformation. In the research method, the method of gradual change proposed by Jackson, combined with the model driving method and 3 sets of rules are introduced, and the corresponding implementation algorithm is designed, and CSP is adopted. (communication sequence process) language gives the referential semantics of model transformation. The research results of this paper include the following contents: first, we provide a demand Traceability Method and technical support based on the problem frame. In the process of the problem model transformation, not only the graphical traceability is maintained, but also the self traceability is also realized. However, the traceability of language and formal semantics greatly improves the practicability and rigour of the method of requirement analysis based on the problem frame. In addition, this paper also designs a computer-aided support tool for the realization of the above traceability method, and gives the corresponding realization method to realize the transformation of the problem graph model semi automatically. Finally, a case study of a smart home is used to verify the feasibility of this method and enhance the interactivity and comprehensibility of the tool in the actual use. The text describes a problem oriented requirement analysis method and technical support, tracking the requirement in the process of the problem model transformation, and ensuring the correctness of the problem graph semantics. A computer aided tool is used to express the user's needs in text or formal symbols, which provides a way to realize the requirements from the user to the software specification, thus speeding up the pace of the problem oriented approach to the practical application.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP311.5

【相似文献】