我国居民“阶梯电价”政策的变革：问题与对策

发布时间：2018-01-12 01:22

本文关键词：我国居民“阶梯电价”政策的变革：问题与对策　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国资源节约型社会和环境友好型社会的建设,关于居民用电的价格管理的问题日益重要。社会各阶层人士纷纷提议提高居民用电价格,或者创新居民用电电价管理办法,但由于社会各阶层的承受能力不同,对于如何制定居民用电价格的标准很难形成比较一致的看法。为应对能源价格上涨及鼓励全社会进行节能减排,我国从2012年7月1日起开始全面推行居民阶梯电价,各省根据地区用电水平制定了不同的分档电量及电价。随着居民阶梯电价的推行,满足了低收入群体的生活必需用电,同时兼顾了公平与效率,提高了居民的节能意识,达到预期效果,但在实践过程中也暴露出一系列问题。本文梳理了国内外关于阶梯电价的文献综述,运用公共政策执行理论、市场营销理论和价格歧视理论对我国电价政策的制定、演变和实践等进行了探讨。根据阶梯电价制定原则对我国居民阶梯电价内容进行了分析,与此同时,结合我国大部分省、市、自治区实施阶梯电价的情况,对各档电量及电价实施情况进行了总结。研究发现,我国当前阶梯电价存在阶梯电价幅度不合理、各地区电量电价差异、居民用电不公问题显著、困难家庭免费电量较少等问题,针对这些问题提出了合理设置阶梯电价的幅度、加强电力相关配套、多种方式促进居民用电公平、适度提高困难家庭的免费电量等措施,拟为我国阶梯电价政策更加灵活有效的执行提供一定参考,也试图为推动整个社会节约用电、科学用电提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the construction of resource-saving society and environment-friendly society in China, the price management of electricity consumption is becoming more and more important. Or innovation residents electricity price management methods, but due to different social strata of the ability to bear different. It is difficult to form a more consistent view on how to set the standard of household electricity price. In order to deal with the rising energy prices and encourage the whole society to carry out energy conservation and emission reduction. Since July 1st 2012, our country has been carrying out ladder electricity price in an all-round way. According to the level of local electricity, the provinces have made different grades of electricity quantity and electricity price. With the implementation of the price of household ladder electricity. To meet the needs of low-income groups to use electricity, at the same time taking into account the equity and efficiency, improve the awareness of energy conservation of residents, achieve the desired results. However, in the process of practice, a series of problems have been exposed. This paper combed the domestic and foreign literature review on the price of ladder electricity, and applied the theory of public policy implementation. The marketing theory and price discrimination theory discuss the formulation, evolution and practice of electricity price policy in China. Combined with the implementation of ladder electricity price in most provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of our country, this paper summarizes the implementation of each grade of electricity quantity and electricity price. It is found that the current ladder electricity price has unreasonable price range in our country. The difference of electricity price between different regions, the obvious problem of unfair use of electricity by residents, and the less free electricity quantity of difficult families, etc., aiming at these problems, the paper puts forward the range of reasonable setting up step electricity price, and strengthens the power related supporting set. A variety of ways to promote the fairness of electricity consumption of residents, moderately improve the free electricity of families in need and other measures, to provide a certain reference for the more flexible and effective implementation of the ladder price policy in China. Also attempts to promote the entire society saves electricity, the scientific electricity use provides the reference.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F726

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