低碳视角下中国钢铁行业技术效率分析

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:24

本文关键词：低碳视角下中国钢铁行业技术效率分析　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 钢铁行业 技术效率 低碳经济 DEA

【摘要】：钢铁产业是我国国民经济的重要支柱型产业,是国家经济水平和综合国力的重要标志。经过几十年的发展建设,中国已经跻身世界钢铁大国行列,取得了举世瞩目的成就,但同时却存在着诸多问题,如创新能力弱、投入消耗过大、产品质量不高、低水平产能过大、结构不合理、产业集中度偏低、产业整体国际竞争力不强等,而这些问题归根结底是效率问题。与此同时,随着低碳经济的提出和发展,钢铁行业面临更加严峻的形势。中国承诺2020年单位GDP二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%,“十二五”规划中也将发展低碳经济作为一项重要工作。钢铁行业作为典型的高能耗、高污染行业,势必成为节能减排重中之重,因此,钢铁行业发展低碳经济、推广低碳技术势在必行。本文根据钢铁行业特点,选取铁矿石消耗量、能源消耗量、固定资产投资以及从业人数作为投入项,以钢铁行业总产值和低碳产出作为产出项,运用DEA模型测算了中国历年技术效率,并在全国、区域和省域三个层面对钢铁行业技术效率进行了分析,研究表明：在考察期内全国钢铁行业技术效率呈现“W型”分布,钢铁行业正在通过自身的努力,逐步摆脱粗放型发展模式；钢铁行业技术效率区域差异明显,具体表现为东部地区水平较高,中西部地区水平普遍较低,各区域均处于规模报酬递减阶段；各省之间技术效率存在一定差异,北京、天津、江苏等7省在节能减排方面表现突出,而吉林、黑龙江、江西等7个省份则是下一步开展工作的重点地区。针对上述结论,结合中国实际情况,提出若干政策建议,包括加强技术创新,逐步淘汰落后产能；发展循环经济,推广减排技术；调整产业结构,提高产业集中度；加强企业内部管理,充分挖掘节能减排潜力；加大对中西部地区扶持力度。
[Abstract]:Iron and steel industry is an important pillar industry of our national economy, is an important symbol of the national economic level and comprehensive national strength. After decades of development and construction, China has become one of the major iron and steel countries in the world. The achievements have attracted worldwide attention, but at the same time there are many problems, such as weak innovation ability, excessive consumption of input, low level of production capacity, unreasonable structure and low degree of industrial concentration. The international competitiveness of industry as a whole is not strong, and these problems are efficiency problems in the final analysis. At the same time, with the introduction and development of a low-carbon economy, the steel industry is facing a more serious situation. China promised to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in 2020 compared with 2005. The development of low-carbon economy is also regarded as an important work in the 12th Five-Year Plan. As a typical high energy consumption and high pollution industry, iron and steel industry is bound to become the most important energy saving and emission reduction. It is imperative for steel industry to develop low-carbon economy and promote low-carbon technology. According to the characteristics of iron and steel industry, this paper selects iron ore consumption, energy consumption, fixed asset investment and the number of employees as input items, and takes total output value and low carbon output as output items. The technical efficiency of iron and steel industry in China has been calculated by using DEA model, and the technical efficiency of iron and steel industry has been analyzed at the national, regional and provincial levels. The results show that: during the period of investigation, the technical efficiency of iron and steel industry in China presents "W type" distribution, and the iron and steel industry is gradually getting rid of the extensive development model through its own efforts; The regional differences of technical efficiency of iron and steel industry are obvious, the level of the eastern region is higher, the level of the central and western regions is generally lower, and each region is in the stage of decreasing returns of scale. There are some differences in technical efficiency between provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu and other seven provinces in energy conservation and emission reduction outstanding, while Jilin, Heilongjiang. Jiangxi and other seven provinces are the key areas for further work. In view of the above conclusions, combined with the actual situation in China, some policy suggestions are put forward, including strengthening technological innovation and phasing out backward production capacity; Developing circular economy and popularizing emission reduction technology; Adjust the industrial structure and improve the degree of industrial concentration; Strengthen the internal management of enterprises, fully tap the potential of energy saving and emission reduction; We will increase support for the central and western regions.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.31

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