食品添加剂违法使用的政府监管研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 05:08

本文关键词：食品添加剂违法使用的政府监管研究　出处：《南京工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类使用食品添加剂的历史十分悠久，其应用使得食品生产加工摆脱了原始的食品加工小作坊式产业，逐渐形成了商业化的食品工业，因此食品添加剂被喻为现代食品工业的灵魂。科学合理地使用食品添加剂，不仅能使食品在色、香、味、型和质等方面丰富多彩，而且在提高食欲、改善营养方面有很大作用。有统计显示，目前，全世界食品添加剂的品种高达14000多种，经常使用的有近2000种。随着一些重大食品安全事件的曝光，三聚氰胺、瘦肉精、塑化剂等物质广为民众知晓，这些物质实际上是法律禁止添加的非食用物质，但很多人都将它们误认为是食品添加剂，从而对食品添加剂的安全表现出前所未有的恐慌。事实上，迄今为止发生的食品安全事故没有一件是因为合法使用食品添加剂造成的，而主要原因在于违法违规使用食品添加剂。于是，对于安全、合法使用食品添加剂的监管是当务之急。食品添加剂并不是食品的成分，因此与食品的监管不同，对于食品添加剂的监管更重要的是监督其合法使用。目前我国食品添加剂使用中的违法概括起来有两个方面，一个是食品添加剂种类外的违法添加，包括使用国家禁止或未批准的物质作为添加剂和使用工业级添加剂；另一个是法定种类内的违法，，主要在于超量超范围使用食品添加剂以及使用伪劣添加剂等。将食品添加剂的监管失灵放到整个食品安全的大环境下考察，原因在于监管机制的不完善以及公共执法资源分配不均等；结合食品添加剂自身的特殊性，还在于食品添加剂标准和检测技术的落后以及监管部门未针对食品添加剂可能出现的违法添加情况进行事前的检测。对食品添加剂违法使用的监管工作，需要结合食品添加剂本身的特点有针对性的展开。对于超出食品添加剂法定种类随意添加其他物质，甚至是添加有毒有害物质的行为，监管部门应严格排查，不断完善非食品添加剂的黑名单，并加强食品添加剂新品种的安全性审核。对于符合食品添加剂法定种类但是超量超标使用的行为，监管部门应当完善食品添加剂标准体系建设，做好食品添加剂的日常检测工作，并加强食品添加剂含量标示监管。值得关注的是，经过2013年国务院机构改革，食品安全领域开始实行集中监管模式。这一模式符合国外发达国家食品安全监管的趋势，食品添加剂使用的具体监管应当在新体制下加强部门之间的协调，提高食品添加剂执法能力。监管部门应当积极培育食品添加剂使用者的社会责任感，并鼓励社会各界参与到食品添加剂安全的公共监督中来，最大限度地对食品添加剂实现良性监管，将食品添加剂的安全风险降到最低，进而保障人民群众的生命健康。
[Abstract]:Human use of food additives has a very long history, its application makes food production and processing away from the original food processing small workshop industry, gradually formed a commercial food industry. Therefore, food additives are regarded as the soul of modern food industry. The scientific and rational use of food additives can not only make food colorful in color, fragrance, taste, type and quality, but also improve the appetite. Statistics show that there are more than 14000 kinds of food additives in the world, and nearly 2, 000 kinds of food additives are often used. With some major food safety incidents, melamine, lean meat essence, plasticizer and other substances widely known to the public, these substances are actually prohibited by law added non-edible substances. But many people mistake them for food additives, thus showing unprecedented panic about the safety of food additives. In fact. So far, none of the food safety accidents have occurred because of the legal use of food additives, but the main reason is the illegal use of food additives. The regulation of the legal use of food additives is imperative. Food additives are not food ingredients and are therefore different from food regulation. The supervision of food additives is more important to supervise their legal use. At present, there are two aspects in the illegal use of food additives, one is the illegal addition of food additives. Including the use of substances prohibited or not approved by the State as additives and the use of industrial grade additives; The other is the illegal use of food additives and the use of shoddy additives. The failure of the supervision of food additives in the whole food safety environment is investigated because of the imperfect supervision mechanism and the unequal distribution of public law enforcement resources. Considering the particularity of food additive itself, it also lies in the backward standard and detection technology of food additive and the failure of supervision department to detect the possible illegal addition of food additive in advance. The supervision and control of illegal use of food additives should be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of food additives, and other substances should be added freely beyond the legal categories of food additives. Even the addition of toxic and harmful substances, regulatory authorities should be strictly checked, constantly improve the blacklist of non-food additives. And strengthen the safety audit of new varieties of food additives. For the behavior of meeting the legal categories of food additives but exceeding the standard, the regulatory department should perfect the construction of food additive standard system. Do a good job in the daily detection of food additives, and strengthen the content of food additives monitoring. It is worth noting that after the reform of the State Council in 2013, the food safety field began to implement a centralized supervision model, which is in line with the trend of food safety regulation in developed countries. The specific supervision and control of the use of food additives should strengthen the coordination among the departments under the new system and improve the ability of enforcing the law of food additives. The regulatory authorities should actively cultivate the social responsibility of the users of food additives. And encourage people from all walks of life to participate in the public supervision of food additive safety, maximize the implementation of benign supervision of food additives, and reduce the safety risks of food additives to the minimum. And then protect the people's life and health.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;F426.82;D922.16

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