我国电子产业全要素生产率估算与影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-03-27 20:12

本文选题：电子产业　切入点：全要素生产率　出处：《江南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：电子产业是高新技术产业的核心产业，也是工业部门举足轻重的组成部分，其较高的科技含量和附加值，反映着一国经济和生产力的发展水平。随着经济全球化的深入和信息技术的发展，各国高度重视高新技术产业对经济的拉动作用，这为电子产业的发展提供了重要契机。我国的电子产业随改革开放而兴起，虽较国外起步晚，但却持续快速的发展，并随着信息时代和知识经济的发展而壮大，成为经济发展的基础性产业、工业的第一支柱。电子产业是高新技术产业的核心产业，其较强的先导性、渗透性和辐射性特点，成为带动相关新兴产业发展的优势，对我国经济发展转型升级有重要意义。生产率分析是探索经济增长源泉的重要工具，，也是评估经济增长质量的主要方法。电子产业全要素生产率的相关研究能为电子产业的发展提供探索渠道。由此可见，研究全要素生产率对我国电子产业的发展具有重要意义，也是本文研究的意义所在。本文从全要素生产率的研究领域入手，由相关理论和内涵，分析全要素生产率的影响因素，主要包括研发活动、外资影响效应、人力资本、政府科技投入、规模经济以及制度变迁等。通过分析电子产业的发展历程和现状，得出电子产业的一般特征和行业特征。运用索洛余值法和数据包络分析两种方法，对电子产业和高新技术产业的全要素生产率进行估算，并对两种算法的结果进行比较，得出结论为二者估算的全要素生产率相差不大，变化趋势基本一致，电子产业各年的全要素生产率波动较小，比较稳定，高新技术产业在2003年以前，全要素生产率波动较大，之后则比较稳定。两种算法估算的电子产业全要素生产率增长率相差不大，各极值的分布和数值基本一致；高新技术产业的全要素生产率增长率相应年份的数值略有差异，变化趋势基本一致。在前文基础上，对全要素生产率的影响因素进行灰色关联分析，以此考察各因素的影响力大小。我国电子产业的研发活动较活跃，研发投入力度的加强提高了电子产业的技术水平，合理的投入与产出比例使资源得到了充分的利用；电子产业是外商直接投资较多的行业，外资的进入可以使一国获取体现国外技术的产品、服务、技术以及其他形式知识的机会，使得电子产业的外资直接影响效应较高；人力资本有利于提高企业的学习能力和创新能力，影响着企业的技术水平，对电子产业的发展至关重要。本文在实证分析和原因分析基础上，得出我国电子产业存在的问题，并提出了相关的对策建议。加大企业的研发投入力度，确定合理的研发投入规模和结构，提高研发成果转化能力；合理利用外商直接投资，完善引资准入标准，吸引优质外资；注重人才的培养，营造良好的环境；加大政府教育投资力度，鼓励民间资本投资教育事业，完善教育机制。
[Abstract]:Electronic industry is the core industry of high and new technology industry, and it is also an important part of industrial sector. It has high science and technology content and added value. Reflecting the level of development of a country's economy and productive forces. With the deepening of economic globalization and the development of information technology, all countries attach great importance to the pulling effect of high-tech industries on the economy. This provides an important opportunity for the development of the electronic industry. The electronic industry of our country rises with the reform and opening up, although it started later than the foreign countries, it continues to develop rapidly, and grows with the development of the information age and the knowledge economy. The electronics industry is the core industry of the high and new technology industry. Its strong leading, permeable and radiating characteristics have become the advantages of driving the development of the related emerging industries. Productivity analysis is an important tool to explore the source of economic growth. It is also the main method to evaluate the quality of economic growth. The related research on the total factor productivity of electronic industry can provide an exploration channel for the development of electronic industry. Thus, it is of great significance to study total factor productivity for the development of electronic industry in China. Is also the significance of this study. Starting from the research field of total factor productivity, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of total factor productivity from relevant theories and connotations, including research and development activities, the effect of foreign investment, human capital, government science and technology investment. By analyzing the development course and present situation of electronic industry, the general characteristics and industry characteristics of electronic industry are obtained. Two methods, Solow residual value method and data envelopment analysis, are used. This paper estimates the total factor productivity of the electronic industry and the high-tech industry, and compares the results of the two algorithms. The conclusion is that the estimated total factor productivity of the two industries is similar, and the trend of change is basically the same. The total factor productivity (TFP) of the electronics industry fluctuates less and more steadily in each year. Before 2003, the TFP fluctuated greatly in the high-tech industry. Then it is relatively stable. The two algorithms estimate the growth rate of total factor productivity of electronic industry is not different, the distribution and value of each extreme value are basically the same, the value of the corresponding year of total factor productivity growth rate of high and new technology industry is slightly different. The change trend is basically the same. On the basis of the above, the influence factors of total factor productivity (TFP) are analyzed by grey correlation analysis, so as to investigate the influence of each factor. The research and development activities of electronic industry in our country are more active, the technical level of electronic industry has been improved with the strengthening of R & D investment, and the resources have been fully utilized due to the reasonable ratio of input and output, the electronic industry is an industry with more foreign direct investment. The entry of foreign capital can enable a country to obtain products, services, technologies and other forms of knowledge that reflect foreign technology, making the direct impact of foreign investment in the electronic industry higher; Human capital is helpful to improve the learning ability and innovation ability of enterprises, which affects the technological level of enterprises and is very important to the development of electronic industry. On the basis of empirical analysis and cause analysis, this paper points out the problems existing in the electronic industry of our country, and puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions, such as increasing the R & D investment of enterprises, determining the reasonable scale and structure of R & D investment. To improve the ability to transform research and development achievements; to make rational use of foreign direct investment, to perfect the admission criteria for foreign investment, to attract high-quality foreign capital; to pay attention to the training of talents and to create a good environment; to increase government investment in education; We will encourage private capital to invest in educational undertakings and improve the educational mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.63;F224

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