上市工业企业盈余管理与所得税税负关系的实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 13:32

本文选题：会税差异　切入点：操纵性应计利润　出处：《广东外语外贸大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文考察我国上市工业企业在盈余管理过程中是否重视税收因素，，探讨我国上市工业企业是否及如何利用会计政策与所得税法的差异（下文称会税差异）进行盈余管理，验证其盈余管理行为在多大程度上受到企业所得税税负高低的影响。实证研究结果表明：我国上市工业企业确实在很大程度上利用会税差异规避盈余管理过程中的税收负担。并且，那些企业所得税实际负担率越高的公司其操纵行为程度越大。新税制改革后，企业所得税法与会计准则的差异变小，样本公司利用会税差异操纵盈余的行为也相应受到抑制而趋弱。本文在研究过程中，采用理论分析与实证检验相结合的研究方法，选取2008年至2012年税率过渡期间上市公司的经验数据进行检验。本文选用操纵性应计利润指标衡量上市公司的盈余管理水平，企业实际所得税税负衡量企业实际的税收负担，借鉴Mills和Newberry（2001）、叶康涛（2009）的研究模型对样本相关数据进行实证研究，观察分析样本公司的操纵性应计利润如何影响其非正常会税差异，在此基础上，加入实际所得税税负因素分析，观察企业的实际税负在此过程中起到何种作用。实证研究结果表明：2008-2012年间我国上市工业企业确实通过调整会税差异来规避部分的所得税税负。样本公司每增加1元的操纵性应计利润，其中的0.747元可以通过调整会税差异规避所得税成本。按税负水平高低分组（实际所得税税负不低于20%为高税负组别，实际所得税税负低于20%为低税负组别）分析的结果显示，承担低税负的公司不存在调整会税差异规避所得税成本的现象，反而有可能因为其它动因减小会税差异；而承担高税负的公司每增加1元的操纵性应计利润中，有0.862元通过调整会税差异规避所得税成本，比总样本水平高。在所得税改革过渡期间，会计政策与税收法规的差异缩小，上市公司利用其进行盈余管理的空间相应减小，所得税税负因素对其盈余管理过程中操纵会税差异的行为具有抑制作用。在研究结论的基础上，本文得到两个政策启示，分别是减小会计政策与税收法规的差异以及上市公司涉税信息透明化。本文研究的不足在于本文在行业选取上只选择了工业企业作为研究对象，不同行业中所得税税负对企业盈余管理行为的影响有可能存在差异。由于本文主要研究上市公司盈余管理中的避税行为，所以本文在筛选数据样本的过程中剔除了考察期间出现经营亏损的公司。由于我国上市公司没有披露国外已纳税额抵扣方面的信息，因此本文在数据分析部分没有考虑这一部分的信息。
[Abstract]:This paper investigates whether the listed industrial enterprises in our country attach importance to the tax factors in the process of earnings management, and probes into whether and how to utilize the differences between accounting policies and income tax laws (hereinafter referred to as tax differences) to carry out earnings management in China's listed industrial enterprises. The empirical results show that the listed industrial enterprises in our country make great use of the difference of tax to avoid earnings management. The tax burden. And, The higher the actual burden of corporate income tax, the greater the degree of manipulation. As a result of the new tax system, the difference between corporate income tax laws and accounting standards has narrowed. The behavior of sample companies to manipulate earnings by using the tax difference is also restrained and weakened. In the course of the research, this paper adopts the research method of combining theoretical analysis with empirical test. The empirical data of listed companies during the transitional period of tax rate from 2008 to 2012 are selected to test. In this paper, the operating accrual profit index is used to measure the earnings management level of listed companies, and the actual income tax burden of enterprises to measure the actual tax burden of enterprises. Using the research model of Mills and Newberger 2001, Ye Kangtao 2009) to make an empirical study on the sample related data, to observe and analyze how the operating accrual profits of the sample companies affect their abnormal tax differences, and on this basis, to add the actual income tax burden factor analysis. The empirical results show that the listed industrial enterprises in China did avoid part of the income tax burden by adjusting the difference of tax between 2008 and 2012. For manipulative accrual profits, Of these, 0.747 yuan can be adjusted to avoid the cost of income tax. The results of the analysis show that the actual income tax burden is not less than 20% of the high tax burden group, and the actual income tax burden is less than 20% of the low tax burden group, according to the level of tax burden. The companies bearing the low tax burden do not have the phenomenon of adjusting the difference of income tax to avoid the income tax cost, on the contrary, they may reduce the difference because of other reasons, while the companies bearing the high tax burden increase their operating accrual profits by 1 yuan. In the transitional period of income tax reform, the differences between accounting policies and tax regulations are narrowed, and the space for listed companies to use them for earnings management is correspondingly reduced. The factors of income tax burden can restrain the behavior of manipulating the differences of income tax in the process of earnings management. On the basis of the conclusion of the study, this paper obtains two policy inspirations. It is to reduce the difference between accounting policy and tax regulation and transparency of tax information of listed company. The deficiency of this paper is that only the industrial enterprises are chosen as the research object in this paper. There may be differences in the influence of income tax burden on earnings management behavior in different industries. Therefore, in the process of selecting data samples, this paper excludes the companies that suffered operating losses during the inspection period. As the listed companies in China have not disclosed the information on the tax credit in foreign countries, Therefore, this article in the data analysis section does not consider this part of the information.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F406.7;F425;F812.42

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