论我国食品安全监管中的政府作为义务

发布时间：2018-04-06 01:22

本文选题：食品安全　切入点：监管　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：食品安全监管中的政府作为义务是一国食品安全体系中的一项重要问题,也是保障食品安全的关键所在,政府作为义务落实的好可以使食品安全体系有序运行,而政府作为义务落实的不好则会导致不利后果的产生。由于食品市场中信息不对称的存在,市场失灵成为了一种常态,政府需要去弥补这一市场机制的缺陷。再加上食品是典型的公共物品,做好食品安全监管工作是政府作为公共物品提供者义不容辞的责任。此外,食品安全涉及种植养殖、生产、加工、储藏、市场流通和餐饮消费等多个环节,食品中不安全因素存在于食品行业链各环节,保障食品安全是一项复杂的系统工程,只有政府调动一切社会力量参与到食品安全治理中才能有效防范食品安全问题的出现。然而,从这些年对食品安全的监管实践来看,政府作为义务的落实效果并不理想,这主要体现在：第一,食品安全法规缺乏完整性与协调性,产生了食品安全管理上的的缺位和错位。第二,食品安全监管部门职能重叠和职能脱节,导致了食品安全监管上的重复和漏洞。第三,食品安全检测技术落后,检测水平不高,制约了食品安全的有效监管。第四,食品安全标准与国际标准脱轨,导致食品安全的有效监管出现问题。第五,食品安全预警体系、追溯体系和召回体系不健全,致使食品安全问题的事前预防和事后妥善处理工作难以顺利进行。第六,缺乏市场诚信机制和公众参与机制,政府监管责任过重,也阻碍了监管效率的提高。上述问题的存在导致食品安全政府监管失灵,也使得恶性食品安全事件的相继出现,还会引发国民对政府执政能力的质疑。本文一开始探讨了食品安全监管中政府作为义务的基本理论,包括食品安全与食品安全监管的概念、政府作为义务的内涵与体系,还有用以论证食品安全政府作为义务必要性的公共物品、市场失灵和政府失灵这三个理论依据。其后根据我国食品安全监管中所存在的食品安全法规不健全、食品安全监管部门职能混乱、食品安全检测水平低、食品安全标准不适应现实需求、食品安全的事前预防和事后妥善处理机制不健全、市场诚信机制和公众参与监管机制缺失的问题,提出了我国食品安全监管中政府的作为义务应当包括：第一,明确食品安全法规在食品安全监管中的重要性,遵循预防为主、全过程管理、监管透明等原则,制定一个层次分明、内容完备的食品安全法规体系。第二,完善食品安全监管体系。首先,改变多头化的食品安全监管模式,借鉴发达国家的监管体制,集中整合食品安全监管职能。其次,加强食品安全检测机构能力建设、推动食品从业者自主进行检测、对食品链的每一个环节检测。再次,健全食品安全标准管理体系,标准的制定要以风险评估为原则,还要做到与国际接轨。此外,健全食品安全预警机制、追溯机制和召回机制。第三、政府不仅要引导企业进行食品行业内部诚信建设、加强与企业之间的交流,还要完善食品安全的信息公开制度和消费者维权机制,让企业和大众共同参与到食品安全的治理中来。
[Abstract]:The food safety supervision of the government as the obligation is an important issue of food safety system of a country, and it is also the key to ensure food safety, the government as the compulsory implementation of good can make the food safety system and orderly operation, the implementation of the government obligation will not lead to adverse consequences. Because of the information asymmetry in food in the market, market failure has become a norm, the government needs to make up for the defects of market mechanism. Plus food is a typical public goods, good food safety supervision and administration of the government as the provider of public goods duty. In addition, the food safety relates to plant breeding, production, processing and storage. Market circulation and consumption of food and other aspects of food safety in all aspects of factors exist in the food industry chain, food safety is a complex systems engineering, only political The emergence of food safety problems can be effectively prevented by mobilizing all social forces to participate in food safety management.
However, from the practice of regulation and supervision on food safety, the government as the obligation to ensure the effect is not ideal, which is mainly reflected in: first, food safety regulations and lack of integrity and coordination, the absence and dislocation of the food safety management. Second, food safety regulatory functions overlap and function of touch, cause the food safety supervision on duplication and vulnerability. Third, food safety inspection technology is backward, the detection level is not high, restricting the effective supervision of food safety. In fourth, the derailment of food safety standards and international standards, resulting in the effective supervision of food safety problems. Fifth, early warning system of food safety, traceability system and recall system is not perfect the problem of food safety, prevention and treatment work properly after less smoothly. Sixth, the lack of integrity of the market mechanism and public participation mechanism, the responsibility of government regulation Too much weight has also hindered the improvement of regulatory efficiency. The existence of these problems has led to the failure of government regulation of food safety, and also led to successive emergence of malignant food safety incidents, and also raised questions about the ability of the government to govern the government.
This paper first discusses the government food safety supervision as the basic theory of obligations, including the concept of food safety and food safety supervision system, and the government as the obligations of the connotation, and to demonstrate the necessity of government food safety as the duty of public goods, market failure and government failure of the three theoretical basis. Then according to the the presence of food safety supervision in China's food safety laws and regulations are not perfect, the food safety regulatory functions of chaos, detection of the level of food safety, food safety standards do not meet the practical requirements, prevention of food safety and afterwards properly handle mechanism is not perfect, the lack of regulatory mechanisms involved in the integrity of the market mechanism and public issues, the government proposed to food safety supervision in China as the obligations should include: first, clear food safety regulations in food safety supervision according to the importance of prevention Mainly, the whole process of management, regulatory transparency principle, make a clear level, food safety laws and regulations complete content. Second, improve food safety supervision system. Firstly, the change of food safety supervision mode of long, developed from the supervision system, focus on the integration of food safety regulatory functions. Secondly, strengthen the ability of food safety the detection mechanism construction, to promote food practitioners independent testing, for testing every aspect of the food chain. Thirdly, improve the system of food safety management standards, standards should be based on risk assessment principles, but also to do with international standards. In addition, improve the food safety warning mechanism, traceability system and recall mechanism. Third, the government not only to guide enterprises to carry out the internal integrity of the food industry, strengthen exchanges and enterprise, but also improve the food safety information disclosure system and the consumer rights protection mechanism, Let the enterprises and the public participate in the food safety management together.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;F426.82;D630

【参考文献】