我国乳业国际竞争力提升研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 16:21

本文选题：中国 + 乳业　；参考：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：乳业的发展状况已经成为衡量一个国家的发达程度和食品消费的现代化水平的重要标准。由于乳业的产业涉及面极广，向上有源头产业农业和畜牧业，向下涉及到生产销售、包装、运输业和金融业。所以乳业的发展壮大，不仅可以促进农业和畜牧业的生产结构不断升级，提高农民的收入，还可以连带食品包装业和交通运输业的快速发展，所以在各个国家的受重视程度越来越大。在我国，为了宣传乳制品的营养价值，合理改善膳食结构，提高国民的身体素质，曾推出多项计划，让人们认识到乳业产业发展的重要性。例如“学生奶计划”、“每天一斤奶，强壮中国人”等。从20世纪进入21世纪,我国乳业随着时代的变迁有了翻天覆地的变化。乳制品产量由20世纪末年的200万吨左右增长到现在的3800万吨左右，跻身于世界乳业大国行列。尽管乳制品总产量居于世界前列，但是我国的人均占有量却远落后于世界发达国家的人均占有量，消费品类也十分单一。并且国内农村居民的人均消费量跟城镇居民的人均消费相比差距悬殊。随着经济一体化和我国加入世界贸易组织，国外乳业纷纷进驻中国，抢占中国市场，据联合国贸易数据库中数据统计，2010年，我国奶粉进口量为43万吨，2011年达到了50万吨，2012年就激增到了67万吨。就目前的国内奶粉市场，国外奶粉品牌占去市场的一半左右，在高端市场上甚至超过了70%的占有量。特别是在婴幼儿奶粉市场，我国市场上几乎全部的需求都要用进口奶粉，而且近些年我国乳业频发的质量问题也引人担忧，我国乳企的未来将面临着巨大的挑战。本文就是在这样的大背景下来研究我国乳业的国际竞争力。虽然我国已经迈入乳业大国行列，但是乳业真正的竞争力不能盲目的用总量来衡量，要认识清楚我国乳业还只是做大，并未做强。首先本文从写作背景、选题的意义、创新之处和不足，以及国内外对国际竞争力的研究现状出发，对本文做了简要的说明。既然是对我国乳业竞争力的研究，那就离不开一定的理论基础，在此主要介绍了研究竞争力的主流理论李嘉图的比较优势理论和波特的“钻石模型”，其中主要是“钻石模型”的分析,介绍了模型中六中影响产业国际竞争力的因素,为后文的研究内容作铺垫。有了理论的支撑就要了解我国乳业现在所处的阶段即发展现状，其中包括我国现阶段的乳制品生产状况、消费状况和乳企的全国区域分布状况。表明了我国乳制品生产总量虽大，但人均占有量偏小并且城乡居民消费量差距较大的现状。就分布状况来说，我国乳业生产分为五大产区：大城市产区、东北产区、华北产区、西北产区和南方产区等并且分析了五大产区各自的优势所在。最后结合我国近些年的乳制品进出口数据，分析得出我国在乳制品贸易方面存在着严重的逆差现象。在此基础上就是竞争力指标的测算。本文通过今年数据测算了我国乳制品的市场占有率、贸易专业化系数、显示性比较优势指数，分析得出我国乳制品国际市场占有率低和市场竞争优势不明显的特点。有了数据的证实，那么就要究其原因。通过对“钻石模型”的分析，找出影响我国乳业竞争力的主要因素，，其中包括产业生产要素、国内市场需求、相关和支持产业的发展、企业的发展策略和结构、机遇以及政府等。最后根据这些原因给出解决的对策。这其中主要是分两个方面来讨论，企业自身和政府。从企业自身角度来看，我国乳企应该做到大型牧场和奶源基地的建设、培养和储备具有先进技术和管理经验的复合型人才、转变企业发展模式，优化产业结构等等。而从政府角度来讲，我国政府应该做到进一步扩大内需，例如增加居民收入水平、增加城镇化率和合理引导人们的膳食习惯等；给予税收上的优惠和政策性贷款等方面的支持；完善乳制品奶源、生产、运输、销售各环节的质量监督体系，让老百姓消费到放心的乳制品。本文在写作过程中运用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法，研究我国乳业国际竞争力情况。在定量分析中，尽量运用我国近几年数据和资料，让分析更具有时效性和说服力。
[Abstract]:The development of dairy industry has become an important standard to measure the level of development of a country and the level of the modernization of food consumption. As the industry of dairy industry involves a wide range of industries, it has a source of industrial agriculture and animal husbandry, which is down to the production, sale, packing, transportation and financial industry. So the development of dairy industry can not only promote the agriculture. The production structure of the industry and animal husbandry is constantly upgrading, raising the income of the farmers, and the rapid development of the food packaging industry and the transportation and transportation industry. So it is becoming more and more important in all countries. In our country, in order to promote the nutritional value of dairy products, improve the structure of food and food and improve the physical quality of the people, a number of plans have been introduced. To make people realize the importance of the development of dairy industry, such as the "student milk program", "one kilogram of milk every day, strong Chinese" and so on.
From twentieth Century to twenty-first Century, China's dairy industry has changed dramatically with the changes of the times. The production of dairy products has grown from about 2 million tons in the last year of twentieth Century to about 38 million tons, which is among the world's largest dairy industry. Although the total production of dairy products is in the forefront of the world, the per capita share of our country is far behind the world. The per capita consumption of the developed countries is also very simple. And the gap between the per capita consumption of rural residents and the per capita consumption of urban residents is very different. With the economic integration and China's accession to the world trade organization, the foreign dairy industry has been stationed in China to seize the Chinese market, according to the data series of the United Nations trade database. In 2010, the import of milk powder in China was 430 thousand tons, 500 thousand tons in 2011, and up to 670 thousand tons in 2012. In the current domestic milk powder market, the foreign milk powder brand accounted for about half of the market and even more than 70% in the high-end market. In particular, in the infant milk market, almost all the demand in the market of our country. We all need imported milk powder, and in recent years, the frequent quality problems in China's dairy industry are also worrying. The future of China's dairy enterprises will face enormous challenges.
This article is to study the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry in such a background. Although China has entered the ranks of the large country of dairy industry, the real competitiveness of the dairy industry can not be measured blindly by the total amount. It is necessary to know that China's dairy industry is still a big and not strong. This paper makes a brief explanation of the present situation of international competitiveness at home and abroad. Since it is the research on the competitiveness of China's dairy industry, it is inseparable from a certain theoretical basis, and the main theory of the mainstream of research competitiveness, Ricardo's comparative advantage theory and Potter's "Diamond Model", is mainly introduced. It is an analysis of the "Diamond Model". It introduces the factors that affect the international competitiveness of the industry in six of the model and paves the way for the research content of the latter. It shows that the total amount of dairy production in China is large, but the per capita occupancy is small and the consumption gap between urban and rural residents is large. In terms of distribution, China's dairy production is divided into five major production areas: large cities, northeast, North China, north-west and southern producing areas, and analyses the advantages of the five major production areas. Finally, according to the data of China's dairy products import and export in recent years, it is concluded that there is a serious deficit phenomenon in China's dairy trade. On this basis, it is the calculation of the competitiveness index. This paper estimates the market share of dairy products in China, trade specialization coefficient and display comparative advantage through this year's data. By analyzing the "Diamond Model", we find out the main factors that affect the competitiveness of China's dairy industry, including industrial production factors, domestic market demand, related and supporting industries. Development, enterprise development strategy and structure, opportunities and government, etc. Finally, according to these reasons give solutions. This is mainly divided into two aspects to discuss, the enterprise itself and the government. From the point of view of the enterprise itself, China's dairy enterprises should build large pastures and milk sources, cultivate and reserve advanced technology and technology. In terms of the government's point of view, our government should further expand domestic demand, such as increasing the income level of the residents, increasing the rate of urbanization and reasonable guiding people's dietary habits, and giving preferential tax and policy loans, and so on. Support; improve the quality supervision system of dairy products, milk production, transportation, and sales, so that ordinary people can be consumed with reassuring dairy products.
In the process of writing, this paper uses qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to study the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry. In the quantitative analysis, we try to use the data and data in recent years to make the analysis more effective and persuasive.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.82

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