基于劳动力特点的中印制造业竞争分析

发布时间：2018-05-24 18:45

本文选题：中国 + 印度　；参考：《江西社会科学》2015年09期

【摘要】：印度是追赶中国制造业步伐最迅速的挑战者,劳动力丰富且廉价是中印两国的共同优势,本文比较研究两国劳动力市场特点发现:(1)未来10年中国仍然是劳动力供给最多的国家;(2)中印两国的就业结构特征决定了未来印度比中国有更多农业人口转向制造业;(3)中国大学生失业比重迅速攀升,但失业率仍低于印度;(4)中国制造业单位产出劳动成本已经高于印度;(5)印度工作贫困者比例高于中国。未来在劳动力要素方面,印度对中国制造业形成挑战的不在于劳动力数量的多少,而是单位产出劳动力成本低于中国。为应对挑战,中印两国可根据劳动力市场特征制定差异化合作战略;中国应加强培养更高技能、更专业、更职业化,适应制造业工艺扩散的人才;中国需要进一步发挥市场猎头的作用,吸引印度等各国制造业高端人才到中国来工作。
[Abstract]:India is the fastest challenger to catch up with China's manufacturing industry, with abundant and cheap labour being a common advantage between China and India. A comparative study of the labor market characteristics of the two countries shows that in the next 10 years, China will still be the country with the largest supply of labor. (2) the employment structure of China and India determines that India will have more agricultural people than China to turn to manufacturing in the future. The proportion of unemployment among Chinese college students is rising rapidly. But the unemployment rate is still lower than that in India (4) China's manufacturing unit output labor costs are already higher than India's $5%) India has a higher proportion of working poor than China. In terms of labor, India's challenge to China's manufacturing sector lies not in the number of workers, but in the lower cost of labor per unit of output than in China. In order to meet the challenges, China and India can formulate differentiated cooperation strategies according to the characteristics of the labor market, China should strengthen the training of more skilled, more professional, adapt to the spread of manufacturing technology; China needs to further its role as a market headhunter to attract high-end manufacturing talent from countries such as India to work in China.
【作者单位】：四川省社会科学院;
【分类号】：F424;F435.1

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