市场净回值法对国内天然气市场福利的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 21:36

本文选题：天然气 + 价格改革　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来天然气在国内的普及程度越来越高，由于天然气产业存在固有的固定成本沉淀、规模经济、范围经济等特性，因此国内主要采用以成本加成法为主要的定价方式，以保证厂商的合理利润，并避免其获得垄断高价。然而，随着国内天然气市场的扩大，现有的定价机制开始出现诸多问题。2011年12月，国家发改委提出，在广东和广西两省开展天然气价格改革试点，主要实行以市场净回值法定价，这一方案的提出引起了国内关于天然气价格改革的广泛关注和讨论。本文通过研究国内天然气市场的定价机制，探索市场净回值法在我国天然气市场中的运用，以期对国内天然气市场的定价问题有更深入的认识。本文的研究将定性分析和定量分析相结合，首先对国内天然气产业的发展现状进行分析，包括国内天然气消费、国内天然气资源开采、国外天然气资源引进和基础设施建设等多个方面的研究。再次，在疏理国内外天然气定价方法的基础上，对国内天然气价格现状进行分析，包括国内天然气价格的形成机制、与替代能源价格的比较、与世界各国天然气价格的比较和国内受管制的天然气价格对需求的影响等方面的分析。随后，探索不同定价方式对天然气产业的影响，分别用成本加成法和市场净回值法对以进口天然气为主的广东天然气市场进行定量的社会福利分析，并进一步区分天然气来源，对全国天然气市场进行社会福利分析。本文的研究表明：（1）国内天然气产业正经历飞速的发展，供需结构更加复杂化、多元化，从国内天然气产业的发展现状和价格现状来看，完全以成本加成法定价已经不适合国内天然气产业的发展，也不利于和国际接轨，，亟需引入新的定价机制；（2）以使用进口气为主的广东的实际情况来看，相较于成本加成法，以市场净回值法定价会使总福利减少，其中消费者和天然气产业链的中下游的福利会增加，而上游会损失较多福利；（3）以同时使用国产气和进口气的全国的实际情况来看，如果完全以市场净回值法定价，会使国内天然气需求减少，社会总福利减少，其中消费者损失较多福利，而上游厂商增加部分福利。最后，针对国内的现实情况，从合理地确定天然气的价格和建立相关保障制度等方面提出政策建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the popularity of natural gas in China has become more and more high. Because of the inherent fixed cost precipitation, economies of scale, scope economy and other characteristics of the natural gas industry, the main pricing methods in China are cost addition method. In order to ensure reasonable profits of the manufacturer and avoid their monopoly high prices. However, with the expansion of the domestic natural gas market, there are many problems in the existing pricing mechanism. In December 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission proposed to carry out pilot gas price reform in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The method of market net return value is used to price the natural gas, which has aroused widespread concern and discussion in China about the reform of natural gas price. By studying the pricing mechanism of domestic natural gas market, this paper explores the application of net return value method in China's natural gas market in order to have a deeper understanding of the pricing problem of domestic natural gas market. In this paper, the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are combined. Firstly, the development status of domestic natural gas industry is analyzed, including domestic natural gas consumption, domestic natural gas resource exploitation. The introduction of foreign natural gas resources and infrastructure construction and other aspects of research. Thirdly, on the basis of domestic and foreign natural gas pricing methods, this paper analyzes the current situation of domestic natural gas price, including the formation mechanism of domestic natural gas price, and the comparison between domestic natural gas price and alternative energy price. The comparison of natural gas price with other countries and the influence of domestic regulated natural gas price on demand are analyzed. Then, the paper explores the influence of different pricing methods on natural gas industry, respectively, using cost addition method and market net return value method to analyze the social welfare of Guangdong natural gas market, which is dominated by imported natural gas, and to further distinguish the natural gas sources. Social welfare analysis of the national natural gas market. The research in this paper shows that the domestic natural gas industry is experiencing rapid development, the structure of supply and demand is more complicated and diversified. From the point of view of the current situation of development and price of domestic natural gas industry, Cost addition pricing is not suitable for the development of domestic natural gas industry, nor is it conducive to international integration. It is urgent to introduce a new pricing mechanism in Guangdong Province, where imported gas is mainly used. Compared with the cost addition method, it is necessary to introduce a new pricing mechanism. Pricing with the market net return method will reduce the total welfare, in which the welfare of consumers and the middle and lower reaches of the natural gas industry chain will increase, while the upstream will lose more benefits.) in the light of the actual situation of the whole country that uses both domestic and imported gas at the same time, If the net return value method is completely used, the domestic natural gas demand will be reduced, and the total social welfare will be reduced, in which consumers will lose more welfare, while upstream manufacturers will increase some benefits. Finally, according to the actual situation in China, some policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of determining the price of natural gas reasonably and establishing the relevant safeguard system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.22

【参考文献】