中国火电企业低碳经济发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 09:08

本文选题：低碳经济 + Logistic模型　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为世界最大的碳排放国，中国面临迫切的减排要求。电力行业是我国经济的重要支柱，以化石能源为主要燃料的火电行业，能源消耗大，污染排放量高，CO2排放量占全国碳排放总量的50%以上。所以，降低能源消耗、减少碳排放、积极发展低碳经济是中国火电企业未来发展的必经之路。对中国火电企业碳排放进行计算和预测。根据中国火电企业各类化石能源消费量和IPCC2006碳排放系数，采用清单法对1996-2011年中国火电企业的碳排放总量进行计算。在此基础上，采用Logistic模型对2012-2020年中国火电企业碳排放量进行预测，分析结果说明在保持现有的发展规律不变的情况下，中国火电企业的碳排放将持续高速增长。分析中国火电企业碳排放的影响因素。火电产业管理方面的原因是电力需求的不断攀升和煤炭是火电企业最主要的燃料；火电技术方面是火电机组规模小、单位发电能耗高和污染物排放量高；宏观政策方面是对火电企业排污监管的碳排放约束机制和碳税体系目前仍处于空缺状态。分析中国火电企业发展低碳经济的途径和有效性。火电产业管理方面，“上大压小”政策对于降低碳排放有着显著效果，但同时引发盲目投资等弊端；国家强制安装减排设备，给企业带来高额的成本负担；火电技术方面，整体煤气化联合循环技术成本高、水平不成熟，尚不具备商业推广的可能；国家政策方面，碳交易市场虽处于初级阶段，却是火电企业发展低碳经济的重要平台；目前碳金融仍处于萌芽阶段，但发展潜力巨大。对中国火电企业发展低碳经济提出建议，火电企业管理方面，，提出竞价上网，发挥大机组的优势；保留一定数量的小机组，优化火电产业结构；控制煤炭的消费数量；火电技术方面，提出加大技术改造提高效率和探索发展碳捕集和碳封存技术；国家政策方面，提出完善碳交易市场机制、为碳交易构建良好金融环境和适时开征碳税。
[Abstract]:As the world's largest carbon emitter, China is facing urgent emission reduction requirements. Power industry is an important pillar of China's economy. Fossil energy as the main fuel of the thermal power industry, energy consumption, high pollution emissions of CO2 emissions accounted for more than 50% of the total carbon emissions in China. Therefore, reducing energy consumption, reducing carbon emissions and actively developing low-carbon economy is the only way for the future development of Chinese thermal power enterprises. The carbon emissions of thermal power enterprises in China are calculated and forecasted. According to the consumption of fossil energy and the carbon emission coefficient of IPCC2006, the total amount of carbon emission from 1996 to 2011 was calculated by using the inventory method. On this basis, the Logistic model is used to forecast the carbon emissions of thermal power enterprises in China from 2012 to 2020. The results show that the carbon emissions of thermal power enterprises in China will continue to increase at a high speed under the condition of keeping the current development law unchanged. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of carbon emission from thermal power enterprises in China. The reasons for thermal power industry management are the rising power demand and coal being the most important fuel for thermal power enterprises, the small scale of thermal power units, high energy consumption per unit generation and high pollutant emission in thermal power technology. The macro policy is that the carbon emission restraint mechanism and carbon tax system are still vacant. This paper analyzes the approaches and effectiveness of developing low carbon economy in Chinese thermal power enterprises. In the management of thermal power industry, the policy of "big pressure and small pressure" has significant effect on reducing carbon emissions, but at the same time it leads to blind investment and other drawbacks; the compulsory installation of emission reduction equipment by the state brings a high cost burden to enterprises; and in the aspect of thermal power technology, The integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology has high cost and immature level, so it does not have the possibility of commercial promotion. In the aspect of national policy, the carbon trading market is in the primary stage, but it is an important platform for thermal power enterprises to develop low-carbon economy. At present, carbon finance is still in its infancy, but the development potential is huge. Some suggestions are put forward for the development of low-carbon economy in China's thermal power enterprises. In the aspect of management of thermal power enterprises, bidding for the Internet is put forward to give full play to the advantages of large units, to keep a certain number of small units, to optimize the industrial structure of thermal power, and to control the consumption of coal. In the aspect of thermal power technology, it is proposed to improve the efficiency of technical transformation and explore the development of carbon capture and sequestration technology. In the aspect of national policy, it is proposed to perfect the carbon trading market mechanism, to build a good financial environment for carbon trading and to levy carbon tax at the right time.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F424.1;F426.61

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