林木生物质能源资源潜力评估研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 14:37

本文选题：林木生物质能源 + 资源量　；参考：《北京林业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据国际能源署(IEA)报告,中国自2009年以后取代美国成为全球第一大能源消费国,而中国的能源资源(尤其是煤炭)虽然比较丰富,但不足以满足其所有能源需求的增长,能源供给压力不断加大。此外,自21世纪以来,使用化石燃料导致的气候变化问题日益严峻。全球气候变暖不仅会造成极地冰川融化,全球水平面高度渐渐上升；也会使生态平衡遭到损害,威胁人类赖以生存的自然环境；而且对全球经济、政治的安全,社会的稳定都会产生深远的影响。因此,生物质可再生能源,如沼气、秸秆的能源开发利用,是目前备受重视和研究的热点问题。在各类的生物质可再生能源中,林木生物质含量巨大,是替代化石燃料的一个极佳的选择。且林木生物质能是一种高效的清洁能源,其二氧化碳排放量几乎为零,环境效益极高。故如果能实现对林木生物质能源资源的高效利用,不仅可以减少人类对化石燃料的依赖,缓减能源供给的紧张局面,同时,使用这种清洁能源还能减少对环境的污染,为改善气候变暖做贡献,达到经济与环境的和谐统一发展。然而我国林木生物质能源的发展尚处于起步阶段,林木生物质能源资源量的估计方法也有待统一和完善,对林木生物质能源发展的制约因素分析也存在不足,仍存在一系列的问题尚未得到解决。故长期以来,林木生物质能源的开发利用进程都比较缓慢,因此,在这样的背景之下,迫切需要建立一个系统的林木生物质能源资源量估算模型,通过对林木生物质能源资源各组成部分的具体分析,科学、全面、直观的认识和了解我国林木生物质能源资源的各部分构成和利用情况,有助于我国林木生物质能源资源更合理的运用的和更快速的发展。本文从林业可持续生产经营的角度,确定林木生物质能源资源的构成类型,基于自下而上的方法建立林木生物质能源资源量估算模型,进而根据我国森林资源清查的最新数据和各类资源的利用现状,对我国现有林木生物质能源资源量进行初步估计。得出的结论是,目前我国全部林木生物质资源总量中,除去用于工业圆木和传统薪材的林木质资源后,可获得的剩余物总量约为11.71亿吨,其中,可作为能源利用的生物质总量约为3.97亿吨,占全部剩余物总量的34%。在各类林木生物质能源资源中,林业生产剩余物占比重最大,如果合理利用,可以作为林木生物质能源资源的重要供给途径。而目前作为林木生物质能源资源的重要来源能源林的生物资源量仅占全部资源量的15%,可见,我国在能源林的种植和采收方面还存在很大的上升空间。最后,本文通过对林木生物质资源获得量和能源利用量的比较,分析制约林木生物质能源发展的因素,在此的基础上,提出有针对性的建议。
[Abstract]:China has overtaken the United States as the world's largest energy consumer since 2009, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), while China's energy resources, particularly coal, are abundant but not sufficient to meet all of its energy demand growth. The pressure on energy supply is increasing. Moreover, climate change caused by fossil fuels has become increasingly acute since the 21 st century. Global warming will not only cause the melting of polar glaciers and the gradual rise of global water levels; it will also damage the ecological balance and threaten the natural environment on which mankind depends; and it will also be safe for the global economy and politics. Social stability will have a profound impact. Therefore, the development and utilization of biomass renewable energy, such as biogas and straw, is a hot issue. Among all kinds of biomass renewable energy, forest biomass is a good alternative to fossil fuels because of its huge biomass content. And forest biomass energy is a kind of efficient clean energy, its carbon dioxide emission is almost zero, the environmental benefit is extremely high. Therefore, if we can realize the efficient utilization of forest biomass energy resources, we can not only reduce the dependence of human beings on fossil fuels and ease the tension of energy supply, but also reduce the pollution to the environment by using this clean energy. Contribute to the improvement of climate warming and achieve a harmonious and unified development of the economy and the environment. However, the development of forest biomass energy in China is still in the initial stage, the estimation method of forest biomass energy resources needs to be unified and improved, and the analysis of constraints on the development of forest biomass energy is also insufficient. A series of problems remain unresolved. Therefore, for a long time, the development and utilization of forest biomass energy has been slow. Therefore, under this background, it is urgent to establish a systematic estimation model of forest biomass energy resources. Through the concrete analysis of the components of forest biomass energy resources, scientific, comprehensive and intuitive understanding and understanding of the composition and utilization of forest biomass energy resources in China, It is helpful for the more rational utilization and faster development of forest biomass energy resources in China. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable forestry production and management, the composition types of forest biomass energy resources are determined, and the estimation model of forest biomass energy resources is established based on the bottom-up method. According to the latest data of forest resources inventory in China and the current situation of utilization of various kinds of resources, the amount of forest biomass energy resources in China is preliminarily estimated. It is concluded that, of the total forest biomass resources available in China, the total amount of residual matter available after the removal of wood resources used for industrial logs and traditional fuelwood is about 1.171 billion tons, of which, The total amount of biomass that can be used as energy is about 397 million tons, accounting for 34% of the total residue. Among all kinds of forest biomass energy resources, forestry production residue accounts for the largest proportion. If it is used reasonably, it can be used as an important supply way of forest biomass energy resources. At present, as an important source of forest biomass energy resources, the amount of biological resources of energy forest accounts for only 15% of the total resources. It can be seen that there is still a lot of room for improvement in the planting and harvesting of energy forests in China. Finally, this paper analyzes the factors restricting the development of forest biomass energy by comparing the quantity of forest biomass resources and the amount of energy utilization. On the basis of this, some suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.2

【参考文献】