基于启发式算法的物流配送路线优化设计

发布时间：2018-07-24 08:10

【摘要】：高效合理的配送是物流系统顺利运行的基本保证,配送路线规划安排的合理与否对配送速度、成本、效益影响颇大。正确合理地安排车辆配送路线,实现合理的路线运输,可以有效地节约运输时间,提高车辆的利用率,从而降低物流运输成本,提高企业经济效益和顾客服务水平,使企业达到科学化的物流管理,这也是企业提高自身竞争力的有效途径之一。多车型物流配送路线优化设计问题具有较高的计算复杂性,属于NP难题,但是依旧可以通过构造启发式算法及结合启发式算法的精确算法建立数学模型,从而求得近似最优解。本文首先对物流配送及配送路线的相关概念和主要知识点进行简单概述。然后以天津某乳业公司当前的配送路线方案为例,对其物流配送的路线进行研究分析,建立模型并运用构造启发式算法中的节约算法、扫描算法、改进后的最近插入法以及结合最近插入法的精确算法对模型求解,从而达到对物流配送路线的优化设计。最后对四种算法的优化结果进行对比分析,为该公司的物流配送路线选出最佳方案。最终达到为该公司缩短运输路线距离,降低物流配送成本,提高经营运作效率、客户满意度以及行业竞争力的目的。
[Abstract]:Efficient and reasonable distribution is the basic guarantee of the smooth operation of the logistics system. Whether the distribution route planning is reasonable or not has a great impact on the distribution speed, cost and benefit. The correct and reasonable arrangement of the vehicle distribution route and the realization of the reasonable route transportation can effectively save the transportation time, improve the utilization rate of the vehicle, reduce the transportation cost of the logistics, improve the economic benefit of the enterprise and the level of customer service. It is one of the effective ways for enterprises to improve their competitiveness. The optimization design problem of multi-vehicle logistics distribution route has high computational complexity and belongs to NP problem, but the approximate optimal solution can still be obtained by constructing heuristic algorithm and combining the exact algorithm with heuristic algorithm to establish mathematical model. Firstly, this paper briefly summarizes the related concepts and main knowledge points of logistics distribution and distribution route. Then taking the current distribution route scheme of a dairy company in Tianjin as an example, the route of logistics distribution is studied and analyzed, and the model is established and the saving algorithm and scanning algorithm are constructed in heuristic algorithm. The model is solved by the improved nearest insertion method and the accurate algorithm combined with the nearest insertion method, so as to achieve the optimal design of the logistics distribution route. Finally, the optimization results of the four algorithms are compared and analyzed to select the best scheme for the logistics distribution route of the company. Finally, it can shorten the distance of transportation route, reduce the cost of logistics distribution, improve the operating efficiency, customer satisfaction and the competitiveness of the industry.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.82;F252

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