我国装备制造业技术创新能力对盈利能力影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 06:11

【摘要】：自从中国加入WT0后,凭借全球产业阶梯化转移,装备制造业得到了迅猛的发展。目前随着劳动力成本优势逐渐的流失、进出口贸易的制约和国内外竞争对手的技术壁垒,中国装备制造业正面临着发展模式转型的问题。企业经济效益的增长从之前依靠高损耗、高投资、重污染和低效能的发展模式转移到注重技术创新、提高生产效率和资源利用率上来。装备制造业是我国民族性产业,它已成为中国经济增长和国际地位提高的支柱性力量。但是与发达国家相比,我国装备制造业技术创新能力还是相对薄弱,并且很多企业缺乏主动创新意识,因此企业盈利能力还未得到应有的提高。自主研发进行技术创新或工艺的改进是增强企业盈利能力,提高竞争力的有力武器。在这样的大背景下,以装备制造业为例研究技术创新能力与盈利能力的关系有着重要意义。本文以技术创新四种基础理论出发,参考和梳理了技术创新能力、企业盈利能力以及技术创新能力与盈利能力之间关系的国内外相关文献,并对技术创新能力和企业盈利能力的内涵进行界定,以国内外学者对技术创新能力影响盈利能力的指标为基础,选取科研人员数量、RD经费内部支出、技术改造支出、专利申请数量和新产品销售收入5个指标来评价技术创新能力,并将这些指标分为资源投入型和效益产出型两大类。用主营业务利润率指标来评价盈利能力,并建立多元线性回归模型。本文立足于装备制造业7个子行业,对样本选取2002年到2013年的12年数据作为研究对象进行实证研究。首先对装备制造业7个子行业技术创新能力指标和盈利能力指标做描述性统计,并从中得出一些基本结论,然后对变量之间做相关性分析并提出相应假设,最后运用统计软件对样本做线性回归进一步验证了技术创新能力对盈利能力的影响。实证结果表明：装备制造业科研人员数量与盈利能力呈正相关关系,RD经费内部支出与盈利能力呈负相关关系,技术改造支出与盈利能力呈正相关关系,专利申请数量、新产品销售收入都与盈利能力呈正相关关系,其中科研人员数量、技术改造支出和专利申请数量都与盈利能力关系显著。最后根据实证结果分析原因,并从宏观层面和微观层面为中国装备制造业通过技术创新能力来提高盈利能力提出五点建议。
[Abstract]:Since China's entry into the WT0, with the global industrial ladder transfer, the equipment manufacturing industry has been developing rapidly. At present, with the gradual loss of the labor cost advantage, the restriction of import and export trade and the technical barriers of competitors at home and abroad, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing the problem of the transformation of the development model. The development model, which relies on high loss, high investment, heavy pollution and inefficient energy, has shifted to focus on technological innovation and improve production efficiency and resource utilization. The equipment manufacturing industry is a national industry in China. It has become a pillar of China's economic growth and international status improvement. But compared with developed countries, China's equipment system is compared. The technological innovation ability of manufacturing industry is still relatively weak, and many enterprises lack the awareness of initiative innovation. Therefore, the profitability of enterprises has not been improved. The improvement of technological innovation or technology by independent research and development is a powerful weapon to enhance the profitability and competitiveness of enterprises. Under such a background, the equipment manufacturing industry is used as an example. The relationship between technological innovation capability and profitability is of great significance.
Based on the four basic theories of technological innovation, this paper refers to and combs the domestic and foreign related literature on the relationship between technological innovation ability, enterprise profitability, technological innovation ability and profitability, and defines the technical innovation ability and the connotation of enterprise profitability, which can affect the profitability of technical innovation ability at home and abroad. On the basis of the index of force, we select the number of scientific research personnel, the internal expenditure of RD funds, the expenditure of technical transformation, the number of patent applications and the sales income of new products to evaluate the technological innovation ability, and divide these indexes into two categories: resource input type and benefit output type. Based on the 7 sub industries of the equipment manufacturing industry, this paper makes an empirical study on the sample selected from 2002 to 2013 as the research object. First, this paper makes a descriptive statistics on the technical innovation capability index and profitability index of the 7 sub industries of the equipment manufacturing industry, and draws some basic conclusions and then the variables. The correlation analysis is made and the corresponding hypothesis is put forward. Finally, the linear regression of statistical software is used to further verify the impact of technological innovation ability on profitability.
The empirical results show that the number of scientific research personnel in the equipment manufacturing industry has a positive correlation with the profitability. The internal expenditure of RD funds has a negative correlation with the profitability, and there is a positive correlation between the technological transformation expenditure and the profitability. The number of patent applications and the sales revenue of the new products are positively related to the profitability. The cost of retrofit and the number of patent applications are significantly related to profitability.
Finally, the reasons are analyzed on the basis of the empirical results, and five suggestions are put forward for China's equipment manufacturing industry to improve its profitability through technological innovation ability from the macro level and micro level.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.4;F273.1;F272.5

【参考文献】