中国制造业海外进入模式分析

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:35

【摘要】：最近几年来，中国企业在国际市场发展迅速，他们在海外投资和国际并购市场上的表现令其他国家刮目相看。企业要掌握国际竞争的主动权，就必须在充分挖掘国内市场的基础上，在适当的时机，以合适的方式“走出去”。提高海外经营的成功率，这要求企业必须首先制定务实的国际化发展战略，而战略实施的核心是为特定的市场选择适当的进入模式。研究不同战略目标下企业进入模式的选择机制问题，有助于中国企业提高决策的科学性，以实现更高的国际化绩效水平和战略匹配性。海外市场进入模式选择问题是我国制造业企业国际化过程中所面临的焦点问题，本文旨在对这一问题进行系统研究，并建立进入模式选择模型，以期对中国制造业企业的国际化有所启发和借鉴。本文的总体构想是在确认研究对象与问题并充分掌握中国制造业企业进入模式现状的基础上，通过理论分析建立多因素的综合分析框架，，并对这一框架中的所有要素进行展开分析。期间将充分吸收既有的研究成果，针对中国的实际情况进行条件修正构建进入模式选择流程和决策方法，并最终形成趋势判断和研究建议。立足于中国企业国际化的现实情况，借鉴相关理论研究成果，重点研究了三个方面的问题：首先，中国制造业企业海外市场进入模式的演化路径及其特点是什么?这是分析中国制造业的海外市场进入模式选择的现实基础和逻辑起点。其次，影响中国制造业企业海外市场进入模式选择的因素有哪些?这些因素的具体影响是怎样的？最后，在综合多种因素的基础上，企业如何进行进入模式选择?通过分析，本文站在企业决策者的角度，建立一个针对中国制造业的海外进入模式的选择模型，并提出了中国制造业海外进入模式的相关创新点。综合各种分析，得出了相关结论：第一，从不同规模企业的进入模式选择来看，出口是中小企业的主要进入模式，中小制造业企业境外投资的规模普遍较小，开展跨国经营的中小企业很少。大企业则可以灵活运用出口、技术许可和直接投资的各种形式。现阶段，出口仍然是大企业的基本进入模式；由于受到研发能力和核心技术的欠缺，中国企业对技术许可等契约方式的运用还比较少，“交钥匙”合同更成为大型设备制造商的专利。海外收购是近年来中国的大型制造业企业进入海外市场的重要方式。第二，海外市场进动因是企业选取海外市场进入模式的基本出发点。本文将中国制业企业的海外市场进入动因总结为市场寻求型、资源寻求型、创造性资产寻求型和全球战略升级型四种，并从根本上将这四种动因归结为两种：市场寻求型与资源寻求型，前者的逻辑基础是相对优势扩展与效率提升；后者则以提高经营效率和竞争能力为目标。第三，作为企业权变决策的重要依据，本文重点研究了中国国内因素、东道国因素、产业因素和企业因素对企业进入模式选择的潜在影响，形成了多因素综合分析框架。首先，企业的能动发展可以影响和促进政府的政策选择，在实践中，企业可以通过商会或行业协会争取更有利的制度供给；对文化因素的关注，可以促使企业在国际化征程中充分发扬光大中国传统文化中的优秀成分，正确认识不利于国际化的消极文化因素，保证企业在“纠偏”的过程中逐步实现国际化；锁定中国的外交路线，可以使企业充分利用外交资源，更准确地定位投资区域，降低海外经营中的风险。其次，东道国因素对企业进入模式有两种影响结果—机会与威胁，不同的因素对企业不同层次的进入模式的作用不同。再次，企业的内部资源与知识特性、战略动因决定了不同的投资进入模式之间的偏向。第四，在综合多种影响因素的基础上，本文提出了分层次树形选择模型，并且结合我国制造业的现状，响应习近平总书记和李克强总理提出的推动经济转型和深化改革的要求，提出了中国制造业海外进入模式的相关创新点。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Chinese enterprises have developed rapidly in the international market. Their performance in overseas investment and international M & a market makes other countries look at each other. In order to master the initiative of international competition, enterprises must "go out" on the basis of fully excavating the domestic market and at the appropriate time to improve overseas operation. The success rate requires that the enterprise must first formulate a pragmatic international development strategy, and the core of the implementation of the strategy is to choose appropriate entry mode for a specific market. The study of the selection mechanism of the enterprise entry mode under different strategic objectives will help Chinese enterprises to improve the scientific nature of the decision and achieve higher international performance water. The choice of overseas market entry mode is the focus of the internationalization of China's manufacturing enterprises. This paper aims to make a systematic study of this problem and establish a model selection model in order to enlighten and draw lessons from the internationalization of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.
The overall idea of this paper is to establish a comprehensive analysis framework of multiple factors through theoretical analysis on the basis of identifying the research objects and problems and fully mastering the status of the entry mode of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, and to analyze all the elements in this framework. The condition is modified to construct the mode selection process and the decision method, and finally forms the trend judgment and the research suggestion. Based on the reality of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises and drawing on the relevant theoretical research results, this paper focuses on the three aspects: first, the evolution path of the overseas market entry mode of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and its evolution path. What are the characteristics? This is the realistic basis and logical starting point for analyzing the choice of Chinese manufacturing overseas market entry mode. Secondly, what are the factors affecting the selection of Chinese manufacturing enterprises' overseas market entry mode? How are the specific effects of these factors? Finally, on the basis of a variety of factors, how do enterprises enter the model Through the analysis, this paper sets up a selection model for the overseas entry mode of Chinese manufacturing industry from the perspective of enterprise decision-makers, and puts forward the relevant innovation points of the overseas entry mode of Chinese manufacturing industry.
According to the comprehensive analysis, the relevant conclusions are drawn. First, from the choice of the entry mode of different scale enterprises, the export is the main entry mode of small and medium-sized enterprises, the size of foreign investment in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises is generally small, and the small and medium-sized enterprises carrying out transnational operation are very few. At the present stage, export is still the basic mode of entry for large enterprises. Due to the lack of R & D ability and core technology, Chinese enterprises have less use of contract methods such as technical license. "Cross key" contracts have become more specialized for large equipment manufacturers. Overseas acquisition is a large manufacturing industry in China in recent years. The important way for the enterprise to enter the overseas market. Second, the import and export of the overseas market is the basic starting point for the enterprise to select the mode of entering the overseas market. This article summarizes the motivation of the overseas market entry of Chinese industry enterprises as market seeking, resource seeking, creative asset seeking and global strategic upgrading, and fundamentally this The four causes are two types: market seeking and resource seeking. The logical basis of the former is the expansion of relative advantages and efficiency enhancement; the latter aims at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the business. Third, as an important basis for the decision of the contingency of enterprises, this paper focuses on the domestic factors, host countries, industrial factors and the domestic factors. The potential impact of enterprise factors on the choice of enterprise entry mode has formed a multi factor comprehensive analysis framework. First, the dynamic development of the enterprise can affect and promote the policy choice of the government. In practice, the enterprise can strive for more favorable institutional supply through the chamber of Commerce or industry association, and the concern of cultural factors can promote the enterprise in the country. In the course of the intercourse, we fully develop the excellent components of Chinese traditional culture, correctly understand the negative cultural factors which are not conducive to internationalization, and ensure that the enterprises are gradually internationalized in the process of "rectifying", and the lock on China's diplomatic route can make enterprises make full use of foreign sources, locate the investment areas more accurately, and reduce the overseas classics. Secondly, the host country factors have two impact results on the enterprise entry mode - opportunities and threats, different factors play different roles in different levels of enterprise entry mode. Again, the internal resources and knowledge characteristics of the enterprises, strategic drivers determine the deviation between different investment entry modes. Fourth, in a comprehensive variety of Shadows. On the basis of the noise factors, this paper puts forward a hierarchical tree selection model, and in response to the current situation of China's manufacturing industry, in response to the requirements proposed by general secretary Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Li Keqiang to promote economic transformation and deepen the reform, it puts forward the relevant innovation points of the mode of Chinese manufacturing overseas entry.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F272.3;F425

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