基于外部性的上网电价定价机制研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 14:34

【摘要】：中国电力行业在迅速发展的过程中,能源与环境问题逐渐显现,制约了电力行业的进一步发展。针对目前电力行业生产和消费过程中的能源利用率低、能耗过高、污染严重的局面,价格是最有效的调节机制。将发电过程中产生的环境外部成本纳入我国电价定价机制中,充分发挥市场机制的基础作用,利用价格这个调节资源配置的有效方式减少环境污染,实现我国电力行业的可持续性发展。由于篇幅所限,本文仅就火电,风电这两个具有典型环境外部成本的电源进行分析。论文首先回顾国内外电力行业外部性问题的研究现状。指出火力发电产生的外部成本不仅导致了环境污染、发电企业的超额利润,而且阻碍了风能等其它清洁能源的发展。具有负外部成本的火电企业上网电价长期被低估,使得具有正外部成本的风电上网电价缺乏合理的成本补偿。其次,建立成本—利润模型并结合现行排污收费制度。将火电企业排放的污染物环境价值进行了量化,并随煤价和上网电量变动,得出了外部成本内置化的火电企业综合发电成本。再次,借鉴投资—成本模型,运用成本收益的方法,以江苏如东风电场二期工程为例,得出具有合理收益、合理成本补偿的风力发电上网电价。最后,基于环境保护、促进可再生能源发展的原则,论文构建了一个合理上网电价定价机制的理论框架。以外部成本内置模型为核心,进行了算例分析,得到了可行性验证,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。本文对于研究中国电力体制改革中电价制定和促进可再生能源的发展具有一定的参考意义。
[Abstract]:In the process of rapid development of power industry in China, energy and environment problems appear gradually, which restricts the further development of power industry. In view of the low energy efficiency, high energy consumption and serious pollution in the production and consumption of electric power industry, price is the most effective regulation mechanism. The environmental external cost generated in the process of generating electricity is brought into the pricing mechanism of electricity price in our country, and the basic function of the market mechanism is brought into full play, and the environmental pollution is reduced by using price as an effective way to regulate the allocation of resources. Realize the sustainable development of electric power industry in our country. Due to space limitation, this paper analyzes only two power sources, thermal power and wind power, which have typical environmental external cost. Firstly, this paper reviews the current situation of the research on the externality of power industry at home and abroad. It is pointed out that the external cost of thermal power generation not only leads to environmental pollution and excess profits of power generation enterprises, but also hinders the development of other clean energy sources such as wind energy. The electricity price of thermal power enterprises with negative external cost has been underestimated for a long time, which makes the price of wind power with positive external cost lack of reasonable cost compensation. Secondly, the cost-profit model is established and combined with the current sewage charging system. The environmental value of pollutants emitted by thermal power enterprises is quantified, and with the change of coal price and electricity quantity on the Internet, the integrated power generation cost of thermal power enterprises with built-in external cost is obtained. Thirdly, by using the investment-cost model and cost-benefit method, taking the second phase project of Rudong wind farm in Jiangsu as an example, the electricity price of wind power generation with reasonable income and reasonable cost compensation is obtained. Finally, based on the principle of environmental protection and promoting the development of renewable energy, the paper constructs a theoretical framework of reasonable pricing mechanism. Taking the external cost built-in model as the core, the example analysis is carried out, and the feasibility is verified, which has important theoretical value and practical significance. This paper has a certain reference significance for the study of electricity pricing and promoting the development of renewable energy in the electric power system reform in China.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61

【参考文献】