垂直专业化对我国制造业技术创新的影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 08:42

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代以来,垂直专业化作为一种特殊的生产和贸易模式获得了高速的发展,对全球各国的经济都产生了重大影响。国际分工不再简单的停留在产业间分工或者产业内分工,而是进一步细化到更微观的产品内分工。产品的生产被分成若干个连续的环节(工序),并且每个环节(工序)被安排到不同的国家或者地区来生产。在国际分工进一步细化的背景下,凭借着劳动力、资源等方面的比较优势,中国制造业成功的融入到全球垂直专业化分工体系中去,承接了发达国家为降低生产成本、保持竞争优势而转移出来的附加值较低、技术含量较低的生产工序或环节。不可否认,参与垂直专业化分工生产,为我国制造业带来了一定的经济效益并促进了加工贸易的发展。但是,其长期处于技术含量较低、附加值较低的加工组织生产环节的情况可能会持续下去甚至发生恶化。因此,我国制造业应充分利用各种资源,加强技术创新,实现向产业链高端的转移。本文第一部分主要介绍了研究背景及选题意义,并对关于垂直专业化、技术创新及垂直专业化对技术创新影响的相关文献进行了综述；第二章首先对垂直专业化过程中的技术溢出进行数理分析,然后对其技术溢出如何对技术创新产生影响进行了理论分析；第三章选取了我国1997-2010年的12个制造业行业,采用垂直专业化指数和专利申请数量来衡量其参与垂直专业化分工的程度和技术创新的水平,进行现状分析。第四章是本文的实证分析部分,首先构建基本模型,由于技术创新是一个长期的过程,存在明显的累积效应即：过去的技术创新水平会对现在的技术创新能力产生显著影响,所以在模型中引入专利申请数量的一阶滞后项,从而扩展为动态面板数据模型。然后采用广义系统矩估计(GMM)对模型进行回归,并进一步的将12个制造业行业分为：劳动和资源密集型行业、低中技术制造业和高技术制造业,再分别进行回归。通过实证分析得出：总体上,参与垂直专业化分工促进了我国制造业的技术创新；具体到三种不同类型的行业,垂直专业化对其技术创新均存在不同程度的促进作用。第五章对全文进行了总结,根据研究所得结论和我国的现实情况,提出相应的对策建议：合理深化参与垂直专业化分工的程度、提高对垂直专业化分工中技术溢出的吸收能力、加强与跨国公司的交流,进一步增强其技术溢出对本土技术创新的影响、参与垂直专业化分工的企业要注重关键技术的研发,推进业务归核和逆向外包战略、自主研发与消化吸收技术溢出相结合、扩大企业平均规模、行业投资规模和工业增加值率,进一步促进技术创新的发展。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, vertical specialization, as a special mode of production and trade, has been developing at a high speed, which has had a great impact on the economies of all countries in the world. International division of labor no longer simply stays in the inter-industry division or intra-industry division, but further refined to more micro-intra-product division. The production of the product is divided into several consecutive links (processes), and each link (process) is arranged to be produced in a different country or region. Under the background of further refinement of international division of labor, with the comparative advantages of labor force and resources, China's manufacturing industry has been successfully integrated into the global vertical specialization division system, taking over developed countries to reduce production costs. Maintain competitive advantage and transfer out of low added value, low technical content of production processes or links. It is undeniable that participation in vertical specialized division of labor has brought certain economic benefits to our manufacturing industry and promoted the development of processing trade. However, the situation of processing organization with low technology content and low added value for a long time may continue or even deteriorate. Therefore, China's manufacturing industry should make full use of all kinds of resources, strengthen technological innovation and realize the transfer to the high end of the industrial chain. The first part of this paper mainly introduces the research background and the significance of the topic, and summarizes the related literature on vertical specialization, technological innovation and vertical specialization on technological innovation. The second chapter firstly analyzes the technology spillover in the vertical specialization process, and then makes a theoretical analysis on how the technology spillover affects the technological innovation. The third chapter selects 12 manufacturing industries from 1997 to 2010. The vertical specialization index and the number of patent applications are used to measure the degree of their participation in vertical specialization and the level of technological innovation, and the present situation is analyzed. The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis part of this paper. Firstly, the basic model is constructed. Because technological innovation is a long-term process, there is a significant cumulative effect: the level of technological innovation in the past will have a significant impact on the current technological innovation capability. So the first order lag term of patent application number is introduced into the model, which is extended to dynamic panel data model. Then the generalized system moment estimation (GMM) is used to regression the model, and 12 manufacturing industries are further divided into labor and resource intensive industries, low and medium technology manufacturing industries and high technology manufacturing industries. Through empirical analysis, it is concluded that, in general, participation in vertical specialization promotes technological innovation in China's manufacturing industry, and in three different types of industries, vertical specialization promotes technological innovation to varying degrees. The fifth chapter summarizes the full text, according to the conclusions of the study and the reality of our country, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions: reasonable deepening the degree of participation in vertical specialization division of labor, improve the absorption capacity of technology spillover in vertical specialization division. To strengthen exchanges with multinational corporations and further enhance the impact of technology spillover on local technological innovation, enterprises involved in vertical specialization and division of labor should pay attention to the research and development of key technologies, and promote the strategy of core business and reverse outsourcing. Combining independent R & D with assimilating and absorbing technology spillovers, the average scale of enterprises, the scale of industry investment and the rate of industrial added value will be expanded to further promote the development of technological innovation.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F424.3

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