我国小家电产业国际竞争力与影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 07:27

【摘要】：中国凭借庞大的人口基数和稳步上升的居民收入,已经成为小家电行业成长最为迅速的市场。特别是2008年金融危机以来,传统的大家电业发展遭遇寒流,小家电业出口量却持续保持上升趋势,占到了我国家电出口份额的一半以上,近年来一直是家电市场的主要增长点。但是,我国虽然是小家电生产大国,但多数产品集中在价格低、利润低的产业链底端,低价已经成了中国小家电一个挥之不去的标签。在人民币升值、原材料价格上涨、绿色贸易壁垒层出不穷等不利因素影响下,小家电的廉价路线难以继续。在这一背景下,如何保持我国小家电产业的国际竞争力和市场份额就成为了一个值得深入研究的问题。首先,本文从传统国际贸易理论、现代国际贸易理论及波特的国家竞争优势理论这三个方面对产业国际竞争力的理论基础加以论述,在理论研究的基础上,本文给出了小家电产品的概念与范围界定,概括性的分析了当前我国小家电产品的出口现状。然后,通过贸易数据计算了最近十年来我国小家电产业国际竞争力的显示性指标,并与世界主要的小家电出口国进行对比研究。最后采用变异系数法对上述显示性指标进行了综合评价,得出了我国小家电业在国际上具有很强的竞争优势,但发展速度开始减缓,竞争力存在下降隐患的结论。随后,本文以波特的钻石模型为理论基础对小家电业国际竞争力的影响因素进行了定性分析和指标选取,构建了我国小家电产业国际竞争力影响因素的计量模型,进行实证研究。研究结果表明人均GDP,小家电业从业人数,小家电产品出口价格和研发投入这四个因素对我国小家电产业国际竞争力有着显著影响,其中人均GDP对于小家电业国际竞争力的影响作用最大,时间也最为持久。最后,本文根据上述研究结论,从提高人均收入扩大消费需求、注重人才培养提高从业人员素质、保证产品品质提升附加值、加大研发投入等方面提出了相关的对策建议。
[Abstract]:With its large population base and steadily rising income, China has become the fastest-growing market for small household appliances. Especially since the financial crisis of 2008, the traditional large household appliances industry has encountered a cold current, but the export volume of small household appliances industry has maintained a rising trend, accounting for more than half of the export share of our country's household appliances. In recent years, it has been the main growth point of the household appliances market. However, although China is a big producer of small household appliances, most of the products are concentrated at the bottom of the industrial chain with low prices and low profits. Low prices have become a lingering label of small household appliances in China. Under the influence of RMB appreciation, rising raw material price, green trade barriers and other unfavorable factors, it is difficult to continue the cheap route of small household appliances. In this context, how to maintain the international competitiveness and market share of China's small household appliances industry has become a problem worthy of further study. Firstly, this paper discusses the theoretical basis of industrial international competitiveness from three aspects: traditional international trade theory, modern international trade theory and Porter's national competitive advantage theory. In this paper, the concept and scope of small household appliances are defined, and the current export situation of small household appliances in China is analyzed in a general way. Then, through the trade data, the paper calculates the display index of the international competitiveness of China's small home appliance industry in the last ten years, and makes a comparative study with the major small home appliance exporters in the world. Finally, using the coefficient of variation method to comprehensively evaluate the above indicators, it is concluded that China's small household appliances industry has a strong competitive advantage in the world, but the development speed has slowed down, and there are hidden dangers in the competitiveness of the small household appliances industry. Then, based on Porter's diamond model, this paper makes qualitative analysis and index selection on the influencing factors of international competitiveness of small household appliances industry, and constructs a measurement model of the influencing factors of international competitiveness of small household appliances industry in China. Carry on the empirical research. The results show that the average number of people employed in GDP, export price and R & D investment of small household appliances have a significant impact on the international competitiveness of China's small home appliances industry. Among them, GDP per capita has the greatest impact on the international competitiveness of the small home appliance industry, and the time is the most lasting. Finally, according to the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of increasing per capita income, expanding consumption demand, paying attention to talent training, improving the quality of employees, ensuring product quality and enhancing added value, increasing R & D investment, etc.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.6

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