美国“再工业化”战略及其影响分析
发布时间：2018-11-03 07:49
【摘要】：2008年爆发的经济危机席卷全球，处于金融风暴中心的美国首当其冲，经济受到严重冲击，国民生产总值增长陷入停滞。本次始于金融衍生品市场的经济危机广泛地引起了各界人士对当前美国实体经济空心化、虚拟经济大行其道的经济模式的反思。美国政府也意识到了由于多年来去工业化进程的影响，本国工业产生了极大的衰退，国家经济结构的严重失衡令美国在面对金融危机时缺乏足够的抵御能力。因此，从2009年开始，美国政府大力推行“再工业化”政策，表达了重归实体经济的决心，，以期平衡本国经济结构并使美国经济早日回暖。然而尽管“再工业化”战略的目的是振兴实体经济，看起来是对去工业化造成的工业衰退进行的补救，但是再工业化的核心并非单纯扶持传统工业，而是以政府政策的支持下对传统工业进行改造以及推进新兴工业的发展为手段，核心目的是让美国引领世界制造业的新变革，使美国本土制造业朝着具有知识密集型、高附加值、广泛应用高新技术的产业机构发展，保证美国制造业的竞争力长时间领先于全球。 尽管在金融危机时期遭受重大损失，本国工业又因为连续几十年的去工业化进程而严重衰退，但美国仍然是全球第一大经济体和全球最大工业国。“再工业化”战略有着雄厚的资本、良好的工业基础以及政府的大力支持作为后盾，无论其最终成果如何，毋庸置疑的是，该战略势必会对全球制造业市场造成重大影响，相关产业链可能迎来新一轮的洗牌，世界经济环境也会因此受到巨大冲击。无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，再工业化战略都有很强的研究价值，通过对美国各阶段经济行为的思索，规避其所犯错误，借鉴其成功之处，无论是对本国发展还是对世界经济的稳定都有着重大意义。 文章分为五部分。第一部分介绍了本文的选题背景和意义，并对国内外学者的对再工业化战略的研究成果进行了总结和综述；第二部分通过对美国经济史的回顾，系统阐述了美国从19世纪末到21世纪初历经的由“工业化”到“去工业化”再到“再工业化”的历史演进。第三部分介绍了实施“再工业化”战略的背景，给出了再工业化的定义，深入探寻了该战略的核心目标并通过对微笑曲线理论的解读印证了再工业化战略的精髓，本节最后则是站在政治经济学角度对再工业化战略进行了分析；第四部分分析了再工业化战略的实施手段、影响因素和初步成效。最后的第五部分介绍了“再工业化”战略对世界范围内以及对他国的影响，结合对我国的启示提出了几点政策建议，对全文写作内容进行了总结。
[Abstract]:The economic crisis that broke out in 2008 swept across the globe, with the United States at the heart of the financial turmoil bearing the brunt of the economic shock and the stagnation of gross national product (GDP) growth. The economic crisis, which began in the financial derivatives market, has caused widespread reflection on the current economic model of the U.S. real economy. The United States government is also aware that due to the impact of many years of deindustrialization, the country's industry has suffered a great recession, and the serious imbalance in the national economic structure has left the United States with insufficient resilience in the face of the financial crisis. Therefore, since 2009, the United States government has vigorously pursued the policy of "reindustrialization" and expressed its determination to return to the real economy in order to balance its economic structure and make the United States economy recover as soon as possible. However, while the goal of the "reindustrialization" strategy is to revitalize the real economy and appear to be a remedy for the industrial recession caused by deindustrialization, the core of reindustrialization is not simply to support traditional industries, Instead, with the support of government policies to transform traditional industries and promote the development of new industries, the core goal is to enable the United States to lead the new changes in the world's manufacturing industry, so that the local manufacturing industry of the United States will become knowledge-intensive. High added-value, wide application of high-tech industrial institutions to ensure the competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry ahead of the world for a long time. Despite the heavy losses suffered during the financial crisis and the severe recession of domestic industry due to decades of deindustrialization, the United States remains the world's largest economy and the world's largest industrial nation. The "reindustrialization" strategy, backed by a strong capital, a sound industrial base and strong government support, regardless of the final outcome, is bound to have a significant impact on the global manufacturing market, Related industrial chain may usher in a new round of reshuffle, the world economic environment will be greatly affected. Both developed and developing countries, the strategy of re-industrialization has a strong research value, through thinking about the economic behavior of various stages of the United States, to avoid its mistakes, learn from its success. Whether it is to the development of our country or to the stability of the world economy, it is of great significance. The article is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the background and significance of this topic, and summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the strategy of re-industrialization; The second part systematically expounds the historical evolution from "industrialization" to "deindustrialization" to "re-industrialization" from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century through the review of American economic history. The third part introduces the background of implementing the strategy of "reindustrialization", gives the definition of reindustrialization, probes into the core goal of the strategy, and confirms the essence of the strategy by interpreting the theory of smile curve. At the end of this section, it analyzes the strategy of reindustrialization from the angle of political economy. The fourth part analyzes the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization, influencing factors and preliminary results. Finally, the fifth part introduces the influence of the strategy of "reindustrialization" on the whole world and other countries, puts forward some policy suggestions combined with the enlightenment to our country, and summarizes the content of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F471.2
本文编号：2307162
[Abstract]:The economic crisis that broke out in 2008 swept across the globe, with the United States at the heart of the financial turmoil bearing the brunt of the economic shock and the stagnation of gross national product (GDP) growth. The economic crisis, which began in the financial derivatives market, has caused widespread reflection on the current economic model of the U.S. real economy. The United States government is also aware that due to the impact of many years of deindustrialization, the country's industry has suffered a great recession, and the serious imbalance in the national economic structure has left the United States with insufficient resilience in the face of the financial crisis. Therefore, since 2009, the United States government has vigorously pursued the policy of "reindustrialization" and expressed its determination to return to the real economy in order to balance its economic structure and make the United States economy recover as soon as possible. However, while the goal of the "reindustrialization" strategy is to revitalize the real economy and appear to be a remedy for the industrial recession caused by deindustrialization, the core of reindustrialization is not simply to support traditional industries, Instead, with the support of government policies to transform traditional industries and promote the development of new industries, the core goal is to enable the United States to lead the new changes in the world's manufacturing industry, so that the local manufacturing industry of the United States will become knowledge-intensive. High added-value, wide application of high-tech industrial institutions to ensure the competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry ahead of the world for a long time. Despite the heavy losses suffered during the financial crisis and the severe recession of domestic industry due to decades of deindustrialization, the United States remains the world's largest economy and the world's largest industrial nation. The "reindustrialization" strategy, backed by a strong capital, a sound industrial base and strong government support, regardless of the final outcome, is bound to have a significant impact on the global manufacturing market, Related industrial chain may usher in a new round of reshuffle, the world economic environment will be greatly affected. Both developed and developing countries, the strategy of re-industrialization has a strong research value, through thinking about the economic behavior of various stages of the United States, to avoid its mistakes, learn from its success. Whether it is to the development of our country or to the stability of the world economy, it is of great significance. The article is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the background and significance of this topic, and summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the strategy of re-industrialization; The second part systematically expounds the historical evolution from "industrialization" to "deindustrialization" to "re-industrialization" from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century through the review of American economic history. The third part introduces the background of implementing the strategy of "reindustrialization", gives the definition of reindustrialization, probes into the core goal of the strategy, and confirms the essence of the strategy by interpreting the theory of smile curve. At the end of this section, it analyzes the strategy of reindustrialization from the angle of political economy. The fourth part analyzes the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization, influencing factors and preliminary results. Finally, the fifth part introduces the influence of the strategy of "reindustrialization" on the whole world and other countries, puts forward some policy suggestions combined with the enlightenment to our country, and summarizes the content of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F471.2
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本文编号：2307162
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