中国光伏发电企业的经营风险与应对策略分析

发布时间：2018-11-12 13:29

【摘要】：2003年以来美国、日本及欧洲各国政府推出了光伏发电补贴政策,全球光伏发电产业不断的发展和壮大,光伏发电应用市场迎来了大发展,光伏发电装机容量不断攀升。多晶硅、光伏组件的需求量大增,高昂的利润率,极大地刺激了中国企业,中国的光伏发电产业迅速的发展。短短几年时间,中国涌现出无锡尚德、英利、天合等多家美国上市企业,组件产能达到了40GW,多晶硅企业在没有掌握核心技术的情况下,也纷纷上马,盲目扩产。中国光伏制造业产能出现过剩,而因为发电价格高,中国光伏产业的应用环节—光伏发电企业的发展却迟迟未有启动。这种现象造成了中国的光伏产业“两头在外”,两头受制于人。本文正是基于这种背景,来分析了中国光伏发电企业所面临的经营风险,并提出和分析应对措施。论文基于光伏发电产业经营风险的形成机理,从供给与需求矛盾方面进行分析。供给方面包括：发展初期行业利润的吸引、中央政府的政策引导及激励、地方政府的强大推动及支持、发展规划缺乏有效的约束、产业链低端加工和制造、进入门槛的标准低。市场需求的约束包括：国际市场的增长及波动、国内市场培育不成熟、国内市场的狭小空间等。光伏发电产业面临的风险主要有：政策性经营风险、电网的安全风险、屋顶光伏发电的经营风险和光伏电站的设计、建设及运营风险。分析得出的结论是：光伏发电中做好综合规划对于有效应对经营风险十分重要；同时要继续做好电价补贴支持,这对于光伏发电企业应对经营风险,走出经营困境至关重要；同时电网方面也应积极响应国家号召,做好电网建设及改革。文章最后还对光伏电站如何选择电站设备提出了相关建议,这些建议是作者在实际工作中的体会和总结,具有一定的实用性。
[Abstract]:Since 2003, the governments of the United States, Japan and European countries have introduced the policy of photovoltaic power generation subsidy. The global photovoltaic power generation industry has been developing and expanding, the application market of photovoltaic power has ushered in a great development, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation has been rising. The demand for polysilicon, photovoltaic modules and high profit margins have greatly stimulated the rapid development of China's photovoltaic power generation industry. In just a few years, Wuxi Suntech, Yingli, Tianhe and many other American listed companies have emerged in China. The component capacity has reached 40GW, and the polysilicon enterprises have started to expand their production blindly without mastering the core technology. There is excess capacity in China's photovoltaic manufacturing industry, but the development of photovoltaic companies, the application link of China's photovoltaic industry, has not yet started due to the high price of power generation. This phenomenon caused China's photovoltaic industry to "two in the outside", the two ends of the control. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the operating risks faced by photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China, and puts forward and analyzes the countermeasures. Based on the formation mechanism of the operating risk of photovoltaic power generation industry, this paper analyzes the contradiction between supply and demand. The supply aspect includes: the attraction of the industry profit in the initial stage of development, the policy guidance and encouragement of the central government, the strong push and support of the local government, the lack of effective constraints in the development planning, the low end processing and manufacturing of the industrial chain, and the low standard of entry threshold. The constraints of market demand include the growth and fluctuation of the international market, the immature cultivation of the domestic market, the narrow space of the domestic market, etc. The main risks faced by photovoltaic power generation industry include the risk of policy management, the security risk of power grid, the operating risk of roof photovoltaic power generation and the risk of design, construction and operation of photovoltaic power station. The conclusion of the analysis is that it is very important for photovoltaic power generation to effectively deal with the operational risks, and to continue to do a good job of price subsidies, which is very important for photovoltaic power generation enterprises to deal with the operational risks and get out of the business dilemma. At the same time, the power grid should also respond to the national call to do a good job in grid construction and reform. At the end of the paper, some suggestions on how to select the equipment of photovoltaic power station are put forward. These suggestions are the experience and summary of the author in practical work and have certain practicability.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61

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