福建省对外贸易对制造业产业集聚的影响研究

发布时间：2018-11-29 10:05

【摘要】：改革开放30余年来,我国经济得到快速增长,外贸活动频繁、产业高度集聚成为经济发展的重要特征。东部沿海地区不仅发展成为对外贸易的主力区域,而且演化成为中国产业集聚的中心区。面对福建省呈现出的产业往东南部沿海城市集聚的现象,厘清产业集聚与国际贸易之间的关系,对于福建省更好的利用沿海地理优势,提高产业竞争力和经济实力,具有重要的现实意义。本文从福建实际出发,集中探讨外贸易对制造业集聚的影响机理,用数据和模型实证分析二者的关系,以此得出结论并提出相关建议。在理论部分,介绍了产业集聚和对外贸易关系的研究综述,梳理有关经典理论,以此为基础建立对外贸易对产业集聚的作用机理,奠定文章的理论基础。在实证部分,第一,分别对福建省2003-2012年的外贸情况和制造业集聚做描述性分析,结果表明,福建省对外依存度较高,并长期处于外贸顺差状态,且呈逐年增大的趋势。福州、厦门和泉州在外贸发展上一直占据着明显的优势,而龙岩的外贸发展速度最快。通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业和仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业的外向程度最高。在制造业集聚方面,福建省的产业集聚仍然以厦门、泉州和福州为中心,集中在技术资本密集型的产业,且集聚规模比较大,三明、漳州、龙岩、南平、宁德等地主要是以资源为禀赋的产业集聚。在以上分析的基础上,用出口外向度表示外贸强度,用空间基尼系数表示产业集聚度,对二者进Spearson相关分析,发现两者有显著的正相关关系。第二,运用Eviews软件,基于福建省2003-2012年分行业层面面板数据,对对外贸易和产业集聚进行模型分析,加入规模经济指标和要素积累指标,与市场扩张指标一起研究这些因素对产业集聚的影响程度。运算结果表明这3个解释变量对产业集聚都有显著的正向促进作用,其中外贸引起的要素积累效应对产业集聚的影响最大,其次是市场扩张效应。综合上述的分析,针对发现的问题,在如何利用外贸条件发展产业集聚方面提出相关政策建议：突出福建省应该发挥贸易地理优势,优化产业空间布局；利用外贸技术溢出效应,提高产业集聚层级；加强高级要素积累,提升产业国际竞争力；优化内部贸易地理结构,增强全省贸易活力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, China's economy has been growing rapidly, foreign trade activities are frequent, and industrial agglomeration has become an important feature of economic development. The eastern coastal area not only develops into the main area of foreign trade, but also evolves into the center of China's industrial agglomeration. In the face of the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration in southeast coastal cities in Fujian Province, to clarify the relationship between industrial agglomeration and international trade, Fujian Province can make better use of coastal geographical advantages and improve its industrial competitiveness and economic strength. It has important practical significance. Based on the reality of Fujian, this paper focuses on the influence mechanism of foreign trade on manufacturing agglomeration, analyzes the relationship between them by using data and models, and draws a conclusion and puts forward some relevant suggestions. In the theoretical part, it introduces the research summary of industrial agglomeration and foreign trade relations, combs the classical theories, and establishes the mechanism of foreign trade on industrial agglomeration, and lays the theoretical foundation of the article. In the empirical part, first, the foreign trade situation and manufacturing agglomeration in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2012 are analyzed. The results show that Fujian Province has a high degree of dependence on foreign trade and a long-term surplus of foreign trade, and shows a trend of increasing year by year. Fuzhou, Xiamen and Quanzhou have been occupying obvious advantages in foreign trade development, while Longyan's foreign trade is developing fastest. Communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing and instrumentation and culture, office machinery manufacturing is the highest degree of extroversion. In terms of manufacturing agglomeration, the industrial agglomeration in Fujian Province is still centered in Xiamen, Quanzhou and Fuzhou, and concentrated in technology-capital-intensive industries, and the scale of agglomeration is relatively large. Sanming, Zhangzhou, Longyan, Nanping, Ningde and other places are mainly resource-based industrial agglomeration. On the basis of the above analysis, the export extroversion is used to express the intensity of foreign trade, the spatial Gini coefficient is used to express the industrial concentration, and the correlation analysis of the two into Spearson shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the two. Secondly, using Eviews software, based on the panel data of Fujian Province from 2003 to 2012, this paper analyzes the model of foreign trade and industrial agglomeration, and adds the index of scale economy and factor accumulation. This paper studies the influence of these factors on industrial agglomeration together with market expansion index. The results show that these three explanatory variables have significant positive effects on industrial agglomeration, among which the factor accumulation effect caused by foreign trade has the greatest effect on industrial agglomeration, followed by market expansion effect. Synthesizing the above analysis, aiming at the discovered problems, this paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on how to develop industrial agglomeration by using foreign trade conditions: to highlight Fujian's trade geographical advantages and optimize the industrial spatial layout; Utilizing the spillover effect of foreign trade technology to improve the level of industrial agglomeration, to strengthen the accumulation of advanced factors, to enhance the international competitiveness of industry, to optimize the geographical structure of internal trade, and to enhance the trade vitality of the whole province.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F427;F752.68

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