外商直接投资对我国制造业结构竞争力影响研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 20:29

【摘要】：改革开放以来，我国制造业取得了举世瞩目的成就，很多制造业产品的产量已经跃居世界第一位，制造业国际竞争力不断提升。外商直接投资对我国制造业竞争力的提高功不可没。相当长一段时期内，大量外资流入中国，而其中大约70%流入了制造业。那么，，目前外商直接投资在我国制造业中的分布结构是否有利于我国制造业产业竞争力的提升呢？外商直接投资又是如何影响我国制造业结构竞争力的呢？这些问题亟待研究。近年来，产业结构问题越来越受到人们的关注和重视。中共十六大、十七大和十八大都作出了有关加快调整产业结构升级的政策指示，引起学界对产业结构研究的新浪潮。本文带着上述两个问题，深入研究FDI对我国制造业结构竞争力的影响。本文在对外商直接投资对制造业结构竞争力的影响机制进行分析的基础上，构建了较为全面的制造业结构竞争力指标评价体系，并以此指标体系为分析对象、依影响机制设定分析框架，建立FDI投入产出模型，从全产业链的角度分析研究了制造业中FDI对进入行业的直接效应和间接效应。研究结果表明，我国制造业结构竞争力整体呈现上升趋势，产业结构趋于高级化，产业协调性逐年升高，产业结构环境逐渐向好，劳动生产率显著升高，但资本生产率并未有明显上升，且近年来呈现走低趋势；制造业16部门中，FDI相对集中流入的行业多为主导产业和高新技术产业；相反，在传统制造行业中FDI行业占比相对较低。因此在不考虑产业关联时，我国制造业的外资结构对我国制造业结构竞争力的提升，尤其是对制造业结构高级化和高效化的提升效应较为显著；引入投入产出模型后，在对FDI对其他行业的间接效应进行分析后发现，FDI相对集中流入的行业对其他行业的资本和劳动需求及排污和能耗拉动作用较大，这一定程度上抵消了FDI对某行业的直接效应，有碍于制造业结构高级化和高效化发展；在对第二类间接效应进行分析以后发现，其他行业FDI产品需求较大的行业主要集中于制造业的主导产业和高新技术产业，有利于我国制造业产业结构的升级和结构竞争力的提升。最后，基于以上研究结论笔者给出了政策建议。笔者认为，要使外商直接投资在提升我国制造业结构竞争力中发挥更大的作用，不仅要积极引导外商直接投资流向高新技术产业，更要采取措施鼓励外资企业分享先进技术，加强产业关联，进一步促进技术转移和技术溢出。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements. The output of many manufacturing products has leapt to the first place in the world, and the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry has been continuously improved. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed to the improvement of the competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. Over a considerable period of time, much foreign capital flowed into China, of which about 70 per cent went to manufacturing. So, is the distribution structure of FDI in China's manufacturing industry conducive to the promotion of the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry? How does foreign direct investment affect the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry? These problems need to be studied urgently. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the problem of industrial structure. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) have issued policy instructions on accelerating the adjustment of industrial structure, which has caused a new wave of academic research on industrial structure. With the above two problems, this paper deeply studies the influence of FDI on the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry. Based on the analysis of the influence mechanism of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the structural competitiveness of manufacturing industry, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of the structural competitiveness of manufacturing industry, and takes this index system as the analysis object. The FDI input-output model was set up according to the influence mechanism, and the direct and indirect effects of FDI on the entry of the manufacturing industry were studied from the point of view of the whole industry chain. The results show that the overall competitiveness of the manufacturing industry is on the rise, the industrial structure tends to be advanced, the industrial coordination is increasing year by year, the industrial structure environment is gradually improving, and the labor productivity is increasing significantly. However, the capital productivity has not obviously increased, and in recent years it has shown a downward trend. In the 16 sectors of manufacturing industry, the leading industry and high-tech industry are the leading industries in which FDI is relatively concentrated, while the proportion of FDI industry is relatively low in the traditional manufacturing industry. Therefore, the foreign capital structure of China's manufacturing industry can enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry structure, especially the advanced and efficient manufacturing structure. After introducing the input-output model, the indirect effects of FDI on other industries are analyzed. It is found that the capital and labor demand, emission and energy consumption of the industries in which FDI is relatively concentrated has a greater pull effect. To some extent, this counteracts the direct effect of FDI on a certain industry and hinders the development of advanced and efficient manufacturing structure. After analyzing the second kind of indirect effect, it is found that the industries with large demand for FDI products in other industries are mainly concentrated in the leading industries of manufacturing and high-tech industries. It is conducive to upgrading the industrial structure and enhancing the competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. Finally, based on the above conclusions, the author gives some policy recommendations. In my opinion, in order to make foreign direct investment play a greater role in enhancing the competitiveness of our manufacturing industry, we should not only actively guide foreign direct investment to high-tech industries, but also take measures to encourage foreign-funded enterprises to share advanced technology. Strengthen industry connection, further promote technology transfer and technology spillover.
【学位授予单位】：北京第二外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F424

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