民国山西的土盐经济与地方社会
发布时间：2019-03-22 08:18
【摘要】：本文从环境史的角度切入,在回顾土盐历史脉络的基础上,对民国山西中北部地区的土盐经济和地方社会展开研究。内容主要包括民国前后土盐的发展态势,土盐的空间分布与地理分析,土盐的生产、运输和销售,土盐与地方社会以及土盐退出历史舞台的过程。传统时期,制度的不合理、交通的不便使得山西中北部民众不时就会遭遇淡食之困,加之大面积的盐碱化土地使得发展农业生产的条件相对恶劣,“刮土熬盐”成为山西中北部地区民众迫不得已的谋生手段之一。也正是这样的契机使得土盐生产长期存在于山西历史舞台,并逐渐发展壮大,清代中期以后形成一定规模的土盐经济,一个完整的土盐产销区出现,土盐经济已经从被迫的生存选择发展为产、运、销一体的特色产业模式,在山西中北部地区覆盖着大片盐碱地而形成一条鲜明的土盐生产带,这条生产带由一个个大大小小的县份、村落组成,具体的空间分布是大同、忻定、太原三大盆地的冲湖积平原和扇间洼地,桑干河、浑河、滹沱河、汾河四条河流的河谷低洼地,充分反映了土盐这种地方性产物与自然生态环境之间的契合关系。在这条生产带上生活着这样一个群体——“盐户”,他们以各种方式经营着土盐业,或者以此为生存之本或者把它作为农业生产之外最重要的副业,他们的生产、生活离不开土盐,这里的民众也已经将“吃土盐”、“用土盐”变为一种根深蒂固的习惯,土盐经济深深扎根于这片土地,一定程度上维系着地方社会的和谐稳定。历史发展到民国,面对官方“寓禁于征”,逐渐消减土盐生产的上层压力以及芦盐、蒙盐逐渐深入、争夺食盐市场的外部竞争,先天条件并非优越的山西土盐经济没有迅速衰败,退出历史舞台,却是在1920-1930年代处于一个稳步增长的势态,原因何在?仔细梳理资料发现,晋北土盐主要的生产原理便是“蒸发—过滤—结晶”,较为简单易学,易于扩散,而且晋北生产的土盐也并非所想象的非常不利于身体健康,它虽然在口感上不敌芦、蒙盐,但是对于生活在广大乡村地区的普通民众来说价格便宜又购买方便。民国时期土盐虽然受到外盐的排挤,却因为山西特殊的政治环境、交通因素、土盐业自身的优势等特点,依然有着自己的销售市场。随着现代化的加深,交通条件的大为改善,盐碱化土地改良技术的提高以及国家盐业政策的改变,土盐最终难逃时代命运,逐渐退出了人们的生活。
[Abstract]:On the basis of reviewing the historical context of soil salt, this paper studies the soil salt economy and local society in the central and northern areas of Shanxi Province in the Republic of China from the point of view of environmental history and on the basis of reviewing the historical context of soil salt. The contents mainly include the development trend of soil salt before and after the Republic of China, the spatial distribution and geographical analysis of soil salt, the production, transportation and marketing of soil salt, the process of soil salt and local society and the withdrawal of soil salt from the historical stage. In the traditional period, the unreasonable system and the inconvenience of transportation made the people in the middle and northern parts of Shanxi suffer from time to time the difficulty of light food. In addition, the large area of salinized land made the conditions of developing agricultural production relatively poor. Scraping and boiling salt has become one of the means of livelihood for the people in the central and northern parts of Shanxi province. It is such an opportunity that the soil salt production exists in the historical stage of Shanxi for a long time, and gradually develops and grows. After the middle Qing Dynasty, a certain scale of soil salt economy was formed, and a complete soil salt production and marketing area appeared. The soil salt economy has developed from a forced survival choice to a characteristic industrial model of production, transportation and marketing, covering a large area of saline-alkali land in the central and northern parts of Shanxi and forming a distinctive soil-salt production belt. This production belt is composed of large and small counties and villages. The specific spatial distribution is the alluvial plain and fan depression in the three basins of Datong, Xinding and Taiyuan, Sanggan River, Hunhe River and Hutuo River. The low-lying valley of the four rivers of Fenhe River fully reflects the relationship between the local product of soil salt and the natural ecological environment. In this production belt live such a group, "salt households", they operate the earth salt industry in various ways, or as the basis for survival or as the most important sideline outside agricultural production, their production, Living without earth salt, the people here have also "eat soil salt", "use soil salt" into a deep-rooted habit, the soil salt economy deeply rooted in the land, to a certain extent, to maintain the harmony and stability of local society. Historical development to the Republic of China, in the face of the official "ban on the March," gradually reduce the upper pressure of soil salt production as well as Reed salt, Mongolian salt gradually deepened, competing for the external competition of the salt market. Shanxi's native salt economy, which was not superior in nature, did not decline rapidly and withdrew from the historical stage, but it was in a steady growth state in 1920's and 1930's. What are the reasons for this? Carefully combing the data, it is found that the main production principle of soil salt in North Shanxi is "evaporation-filtration-crystallization", which is relatively simple and easy to learn, easy to diffuse, and the soil salt produced in North Shanxi is not very harmful to your health as imagined. Although it is unpalatable in taste, salt, but to live in the vast rural areas of the ordinary people are cheap and easy to buy. In the Republic of China, soil salt has its own marketing market because of its special political environment, traffic factors, and the advantages of the earth salt industry, although it has been squeezed out by the external salt industry in the Republic of China, because of its special political environment, transportation factors, and its own advantages. With the deepening of modernization, the improvement of traffic conditions, the improvement of the technology of salinized land improvement and the change of the national salt policy, the earth salt was finally doomed to escape the fate of the times, and gradually withdrew from people's lives.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F429
本文编号：2445428
[Abstract]:On the basis of reviewing the historical context of soil salt, this paper studies the soil salt economy and local society in the central and northern areas of Shanxi Province in the Republic of China from the point of view of environmental history and on the basis of reviewing the historical context of soil salt. The contents mainly include the development trend of soil salt before and after the Republic of China, the spatial distribution and geographical analysis of soil salt, the production, transportation and marketing of soil salt, the process of soil salt and local society and the withdrawal of soil salt from the historical stage. In the traditional period, the unreasonable system and the inconvenience of transportation made the people in the middle and northern parts of Shanxi suffer from time to time the difficulty of light food. In addition, the large area of salinized land made the conditions of developing agricultural production relatively poor. Scraping and boiling salt has become one of the means of livelihood for the people in the central and northern parts of Shanxi province. It is such an opportunity that the soil salt production exists in the historical stage of Shanxi for a long time, and gradually develops and grows. After the middle Qing Dynasty, a certain scale of soil salt economy was formed, and a complete soil salt production and marketing area appeared. The soil salt economy has developed from a forced survival choice to a characteristic industrial model of production, transportation and marketing, covering a large area of saline-alkali land in the central and northern parts of Shanxi and forming a distinctive soil-salt production belt. This production belt is composed of large and small counties and villages. The specific spatial distribution is the alluvial plain and fan depression in the three basins of Datong, Xinding and Taiyuan, Sanggan River, Hunhe River and Hutuo River. The low-lying valley of the four rivers of Fenhe River fully reflects the relationship between the local product of soil salt and the natural ecological environment. In this production belt live such a group, "salt households", they operate the earth salt industry in various ways, or as the basis for survival or as the most important sideline outside agricultural production, their production, Living without earth salt, the people here have also "eat soil salt", "use soil salt" into a deep-rooted habit, the soil salt economy deeply rooted in the land, to a certain extent, to maintain the harmony and stability of local society. Historical development to the Republic of China, in the face of the official "ban on the March," gradually reduce the upper pressure of soil salt production as well as Reed salt, Mongolian salt gradually deepened, competing for the external competition of the salt market. Shanxi's native salt economy, which was not superior in nature, did not decline rapidly and withdrew from the historical stage, but it was in a steady growth state in 1920's and 1930's. What are the reasons for this? Carefully combing the data, it is found that the main production principle of soil salt in North Shanxi is "evaporation-filtration-crystallization", which is relatively simple and easy to learn, easy to diffuse, and the soil salt produced in North Shanxi is not very harmful to your health as imagined. Although it is unpalatable in taste, salt, but to live in the vast rural areas of the ordinary people are cheap and easy to buy. In the Republic of China, soil salt has its own marketing market because of its special political environment, traffic factors, and the advantages of the earth salt industry, although it has been squeezed out by the external salt industry in the Republic of China, because of its special political environment, transportation factors, and its own advantages. With the deepening of modernization, the improvement of traffic conditions, the improvement of the technology of salinized land improvement and the change of the national salt policy, the earth salt was finally doomed to escape the fate of the times, and gradually withdrew from people's lives.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F429
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 萧国亮;清代盐业制度论[J];盐业史研究;1989年01期
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