发达国家再工业化战略对我国制造业国际竞争力的影响研究

发布时间：2019-05-18 07:57

【摘要】：2007年国际社会爆发了严重的金融危机，美国、欧盟等发达国家纷纷提出“再工业化”战略，，重新关注实体经济的发展，将重振制造业上升至重要的国家战略层面。该战略从本质上讲，是发达国家转移经济发展重心的过程，是以先进制造业为主体的产业结构调整过程，是一个持续创新的过程。发达国家“再工业化”战略正逐渐对世界经济格局和国际贸易秩序产生影响，而中国作为一个外贸依存度与外资依存度均较高的制造业大国，也必将在后危机时代面临该战略带来的机遇与挑战。探讨发达国家“再工业化”战略对我国制造业国际竞争力的影响，对我国制造业在未来的发展具有现实的借鉴与启示意义。在产业国际竞争力研究理论的基础上，本文分析了发达国家“再工业化”战略的实施背景与政策体系，行业数据的分析结果显示，该战略对发达国家制造业的资本流向、就业情况和出口状况等方面已经产生积极影响。通过对该战略实施前后我国制造业发展情况的比较分析，归纳出该战略对我国制造业国际竞争力的影响路径，即该战略主要是通过科技优势、贸易环境、外商直接投资与汇率四条路径对我国制造业国际竞争力产生影响。本文利用面板数据从外商直接投资、汇率、劳动力成本三个角度对上述影响路径进行了实证检验，实证结果表明，发达国家“再工业化”战略通过外商直接投资与汇率对我国制造业国际竞争力所产生的影响符合定性分析的结果，但是就劳动力成本而言，虽然我国制造业劳动力成本相对处于上升态势，但短期内该战略并未对我国制造业的整体竞争力造成显著影响。通过构建进出口数据测算体系，从市场渗透率、显示性比较优势指数与可比净出口指数三个角度分析了发达国家“再工业化”战略对我国制造业分行业国际竞争力产生的影响，结果表明，无论是我国低科技含量行业中的纺织、服装、鞋类制造业，还是高科技含量行业中以加工贸易出口为主的电子和电力产品制造业，其国际竞争力受该战略的冲击是有限的，说明在短期内我国制造业将仍然保持基于劳动成本的比较优势。但是这并不意味着我们可以轻视发达国家“再工业化”战略对我国制造业的影响，从长期来看，发达国家的核心目标是先进制造业，因此该战略对我国制造业国际竞争力更为重要的影响体现在对先进制造业的挑战。根据前述理论研究与实证研究的结果，从发展战略的角度对我国制造业提出了有实践性的建议，并单独针对我国先进制造业提出了具体的发展建议。
[Abstract]:In 2007, the international community broke out a serious financial crisis. The United States, the European Union and other developed countries have put forward the strategy of "reindustrialization", pay attention to the development of the real economy again, and will revitalize the manufacturing industry to an important national strategic level. In essence, the strategy is the process of shifting the focus of economic development in developed countries, the process of industrial structure adjustment with advanced manufacturing industry as the main body, and the process of continuous innovation. The strategy of "reindustrialization" in developed countries is gradually having an impact on the world economic pattern and the international trade order. China, as a manufacturing country with high dependence on foreign trade and foreign investment, has a high degree of dependence on foreign trade and foreign investment. It will also face the opportunities and challenges brought about by the strategy in the post-crisis era. This paper probes into the influence of the strategy of "reindustrialization" in developed countries on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, which has realistic reference and enlightening significance for the development of China's manufacturing industry in the future. On the basis of the research theory of industrial international competitiveness, this paper analyzes the implementation background and policy system of the strategy of "reindustrialization" in developed countries. The results of the analysis of industry data show that the strategy has a capital flow direction to the manufacturing industry of developed countries. The employment situation and export situation have had a positive impact. Through the comparative analysis of the development of China's manufacturing industry before and after the implementation of the strategy, this paper sums up the influence path of the strategy on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, that is, the strategy is mainly through scientific and technological advantages and trade environment. Foreign direct investment and exchange rate have an impact on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. This paper makes an empirical test on the above impact paths from three angles of foreign direct investment, exchange rate and labor cost by using panel data. The empirical results show that, The impact of the "reindustrialization" strategy of developed countries on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry through foreign direct investment and exchange rate is in line with the results of qualitative analysis, but as far as labor costs are concerned, Although the labor cost of China's manufacturing industry is relatively on the rise, the strategy has not had a significant impact on the overall competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry in the short term. By constructing the measurement system of import and export data, this paper analyzes the influence of the strategy of "reindustrialization" of developed countries on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing sub-industries from three angles: market permeability, display comparative advantage index and comparable net export index. The results show that whether it is the manufacturing industry of textile, clothing and shoes in the low-tech industry of our country, or the manufacturing industry of electronic and electric products, which is dominated by the export of processing trade in the industry of high-tech content, Its international competitiveness is limited by the strategy, which indicates that China's manufacturing industry will still maintain the comparative advantage based on labor cost in the short term. However, this does not mean that we can despise the impact of the "reindustrialization" strategy of developed countries on China's manufacturing industry. In the long run, the core goal of developed countries is advanced manufacturing industry. Therefore, the more important impact of the strategy on the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry is reflected in the challenge to the advanced manufacturing industry. According to the results of the above theoretical research and empirical research, this paper puts forward practical suggestions for China's manufacturing industry from the perspective of development strategy, and puts forward specific development suggestions for China's advanced manufacturing industry.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F414;F424;F752

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