战时金融的困境与应对:1942年“四行专业化”述论

发布时间：2017-12-30 17:44

本文关键词：战时金融的困境与应对:1942年“四行专业化”述论　出处：《抗日战争研究》2015年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：1942年前后,国统区金融面临着新困境。英美封存资金带来的金融变动、太平洋战争爆发带来的军事转机和美国5亿美元贷款带来的信心,交织催生了应对金融困境的迫切性和可能性。国民政府出台了四行专业化决策,以统一发钞权为关键举措,明确各国有银行的专业范围,提升中央银行的地位和职权,意图应对金融困境。四行专业化在金融制度建设层面上的调整是成功的,然而囿于战局发展、金融领域的人事沟通不畅、监督制度不足和5亿美援错失良机等,解决困境的实际成效不如预期。掌握党政军大权的蒋介石借助四行专业化掌控四行,实现统制金融与军事、政治的紧密结合,透视出近代金融与政治、军事力量在实际利益层面的复杂关联。
[Abstract]:Around 1942, the financial situation in the national controlled area is facing new difficulties. The financial changes brought about by the closure of funds in Britain and the United States, the military turnaround brought by the outbreak of the Pacific War, and the confidence brought about by the US $500 million loan. Intertwined gave birth to the urgency and possibility of dealing with the financial predicament. The National Government issued four professional decision-making to unify the right to issue banknotes as the key measure to clarify the professional scope of each state-owned bank. To improve the status and authority of the central bank in order to deal with financial difficulties. Four lines of specialization in the level of financial system adjustment is successful, however, due to the development of the war situation, the financial field of personnel communication is not smooth. Insufficient supervision system and missed opportunity of 500 million US aid, the actual effect of solving the dilemma is not as good as expected. Jiang Jieshi, who has the power of the party, government and army, controls the four banks with the help of the four specializations, and realizes the control of finance and military affairs. The close combination of politics reveals the complex relationship between modern finance, politics and military power in the aspect of actual interests.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史学系;
【分类号】：F832.9;K265
【正文快照】： 1942年是中国抗日战争的关键年份。此时中国金融已呈现疲惫不堪的困境,经济遭受严重冲击。为应对危机,1942年5月蒋介石和国民政府推出中国金融史上著名的中央银行、中国银行、交通银行、中国农民银行(以下简称“中中交农”)四家国有银行专业化(以下简称“四行专业化”)的决策,

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