我国低碳经济发展的金融支持问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 03:05

本文关键词：我国低碳经济发展的金融支持问题研究　出处：《南京大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业化进程的加快,人类在创造空前物质财富的同时,二氧化碳等温室气体排放也急剧增加,由此导致的极端气候变化、直接和间接的经济损失,以及对人类健康的危害,已严重威胁到人类生存和发展。转变经济发展方式、减少温室气体排放、实现经济“低碳式发展”已在全球形成共识。中国自改革开放至今,经历了 30多年的高速增长,然而,高能耗、高污染、低产出的增长方式造成的资源和环境压力,使今后经济发展面临着前所未有的考验。因此,转变经济增长方式,建立合理机制减少二氧化碳排放,实现经济发展低碳化,是我国经济实现可持续发展的必然选择。低碳经济本质上要求经济中各微观主体采取二氧化碳的减排行为。经济主体的减排选择,取决于减排行为产生的成本与收益之间的权衡结果。金融作为现代经济的核心,通过资源配置职能,能显著改变经济主体减排的收益和成本,引导其实现碳减排。因此,研究金融与低碳经济发展的关系,探讨金融支持低碳经济发展的可行路径,这对我国转变经济增长方式、实现经济可持续发展具有重大的理论和现实意义。本文首先描述了我国低碳经济发展的现状、问题以及对实现可持续发展目标的重要影响,提出了我国发展低碳经济的必要性;同时指出金融作为现代经济的核心,对实现低碳发展目标具有重要意义;论文接着运用博弈论方法,通过理论模型证明,在一定条件下,金融能对低碳经济发展发挥积极作用;在理论分析基础上,进一步实证检验了金融在我国低碳经济中的现实作用;最后,在介绍国外金融支持低碳经济的最新进展,以及可借鉴的成功经验基础上,提出如何运用金融手段促进我国低碳经济发展的政策建议。围绕金融支持我国低碳经济转型,论文主要做了以下工作:第一,建立合理指标,测算出我国现阶段低碳经济发展水平。论文运用数据包络分析法(DEA)和非期望产出的SBM (Slacks-basedModel)模型,测算了考虑二氧化碳排放因素的ML (Malmqulist-Luenberger)指数,得到了反映我国经济增长质量的环境全要素生产率(环境TFP)指标,并以此来衡量我国低碳经济发展水平。计算结果表明,与一般全要素生产率(Malmquist指数)相比,考虑碳排放因素后,我国经济增长的成就显著下降,改变经济粗放式增长方式、实现低碳经济发展目标具有现实意义。第二,运用博弈分析方法,通过对理论模型推导,证明在无其他外力约束下,微观经济主体无法自觉实现低碳经济转型。金融通过改变碳排放的成本收益对比情况,促使微观经济主体减少碳排放。理论模型显示,金融支持低碳经济发展是有条件的。其一,金融机构只能在适度金融规模条件下,才能通过改变金融资源配置对象、提高金融效率等手段支持低碳经济;其二,金融支持低碳经济发展需要以低碳型企业具有更长生命周期为前提。短期内金融支持非低碳型企业收益更高,只有在长期内金融支持低碳企业才有利可图。第三,实证分析我国金融发展与低碳经济的关系。限于数据可得性,文章以银行信贷为例,从金融规模和金融效率两个角度,实证分析了我国金融与二氧化碳排放的关系。实证研究表明,金融规模扩张导致碳排放强度和人均碳排放量的增加,但不会无限持续下去,而是呈倒U型发展特征。金融规模扩张和经济发展水平的提高,企业能获取更多的资金用于生产技术改造,购买和使用节能减排设施,进而有利于减少碳排放;金融效率提高不利于碳减排目标实现,金融资源向民营企业倾斜,虽然提高了资金使用效率,但民营企业的环境意识相对于国有企业较为淡薄,对低碳经济发展带来不利影响。第四,提出我国金融支持低碳经济需要一套完善的体系。在详细介绍国外经济体绿色信贷和碳排放权交易业务基础上,提出我国需要借鉴发达国家的成功经验,扩大我国低碳产业的金融扶持力度,建立基于碳排放权交易的碳金融市场,形成实体与虚拟相结合的金融支持低碳经济发展的综合金融体系。
[Abstract]:With the accelerated process of industrialization, human beings have created unprecedented material wealth. At the same time, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have increased dramatically, which leads to extreme climate change, direct and indirect economic loss and harm to human health, has been a serious threat to human survival and development. The transformation of economic development, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve economic "low-carbon development" has become a consensus in the world. China since the reform and opening up, has experienced 30 years of rapid growth, however, high energy consumption, high pollution, low output growth creates pressure on resources and the environment, so that future economic development is faced with hitherto unknown challenge. Therefore, the transformation of economic growth way, establish a reasonable mechanism to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, to achieve low-carbon economic development, is the inevitable choice for China to achieve sustainable development of economy. Low carbon economy is essentially required by the The economy in the main micro emission reduction behavior of carbon dioxide. The emission reduction, trade-off between cost and benefit depends on the reduction behavior of the finance. As the core of modern economy, the functions of the allocation of resources, can significantly change the main economic income and cost reduction, the carbon emission reduction. Therefore, the relationship between study on financial development and low carbon economy, to explore a feasible path of financial support for the development of low carbon economy in our country, this change the mode of economic growth, is of great theoretical and practical significance to realize the sustainable development of economy. This paper first describes the current situation of the development of China's low-carbon economy, and plays an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable development and put forward the necessity of developing low-carbon economy in China; and points out that finance is the core of modern economy, has important significance to realize the low carbon development targets; thesis Using the method of game theory, the theoretical model shows that, under certain conditions, finance can play a positive role in the development of low carbon economy; on the basis of theoretical analysis, to test the reality of Finance in the low carbon economy in China; finally, the introduction of foreign financial support for the latest progress of low carbon economy. And to learn from the successful experience foundation, proposed how to use the financial means to promote the development of China's low-carbon economy policy. Around the financial support of China's low-carbon economy transformation, the paper has mainly done the following work: first, to establish a reasonable index to calculate the level of low carbon economy development in our country. This paper uses data envelopment the analysis method (DEA) and non expected output SBM (Slacks-basedModel) model, considering the estimates of CO2 emission factors of ML (Malmqulist-Luenberger) index, reflected the quality of China's economic growth ring Environmental TFP (TFP) index, and to measure the level of development of low carbon economy in China. The results show that with the total factor productivity (Malmquist index), considering the carbon emission factors, China's economic growth achievement decreased significantly, change the extensive economic growth mode, has the practical significance to achieve low carbon economy development goals. Second, using the method of game analysis, based on the theoretical model, that in the absence of any external constraints, the micro economic subject can not consciously realize the transition to a low carbon economy. By changing the financial cost benefit comparison of carbon emissions, the microscopic economic subject to reduce carbon emissions. The theoretical model shows that financial support is low carbon economy development is conditional. First, financial institutions can only in the moderate scale of financial conditions, by changing the object to the allocation of financial resources, improve financial efficiency and other means of support Low carbon economy; second, financial support for the development of low carbon economy to low carbon enterprise has a longer life cycle as the premise. In the short term financial support for non low carbon enterprise income is higher, only in the long term financial support for low carbon enterprise to be profitable. Third, empirical analysis on the relationship between China's financial development and low carbon economy the limited availability of data, the bank credit as an example, from two aspects of the financial scale and financial efficiency, empirical analysis of the relationship between China's financial and carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical study shows that the financial scale expansion leads to an increase in carbon emissions intensity and per capita carbon emissions, but will not continue indefinitely, but a inverted U type development characteristics. The expansion of financial scale and raise the level of economic development, enterprises can get more funds for the production of technical renovation, the purchase and use of energy-saving emission reduction facilities, which is conducive to reducing carbon emissions; gold Financial efficiency is not conducive to the implementation of carbon emission reduction targets, the financial resources in favor of private enterprises, while improving the efficiency of the use of funds, but the private enterprise's environmental awareness is weak compared with the state-owned enterprises, the adverse impact on the development of low carbon economy. Fourth, put forward China's financial support for low carbon economy requires a perfect system in detail. The introduction of foreign economy green credit and carbon emissions trading business on the basis of present China needs to learn from the successful experience of developed countries, expand the low carbon industry in China's financial support, the establishment of carbon emissions trading market of carbon finance based on the formation of real and virtual combination of financial support to develop low carbon economy comprehensive financial system.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X196;F832.5;F124.5

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