基于阿玛蒂亚森权利方法的小微企业融资可获得性研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 22:18

本文关键词：基于阿玛蒂亚森权利方法的小微企业融资可获得性研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摆脱贫困、促进国民财富增长是经济发展的主题,这并不容易,贫困与饥荒时常相伴,森提出了“权利方法”研究饥荒,几乎否定了EAD对饥荒的解释,权利方法强调了市场、社会公正在解决饥荒等灾难中的重要性。现实中小微企业经历着某种融资的“饥荒”,“融资难”反映了其强烈的融资诉求。在权利方法看来,影响小微企业融资权利与可获得性的主要因素为小微企业自有的资源禀赋、融资权利映射系统以及货币资源,这三种因素在小微企业融资权利中发挥着不同的作用,资源禀赋起到了基础性作用,融资权利映射系统则决定了有多少资源禀赋可以映射到货币资金,货币资源的分配则影响了小微企业信贷市场上信贷资金的稀缺性。在小微企业的资源禀赋中,流动资产、固定资产等有形资源禀赋对小微企业融资的作用要大于其他资源禀赋,尽管技术、生产经营能力、信用等资源禀赋开始发挥一定的融资作用了,这说明小微企业融资状况正在向好的方向转变,但是这种改善也是相对有限的,传统的“抵质押物”贷款模式已经松动,对小微企业融资权利起到改善作用。在小微企业融资权利映射系统方面,权利映射系统对小微企业融资可获得性具有最直接的作用,决策者可以通过制度供给来实现小微企业融资权利映射系统的优化,随着融资权利映射系统的优化,其弹性也在不断发生变化。决策者通过扭转对小微企业的歧视、金融机构多元化、金融机构向小微企业融资供给能力的培育推动小微企业融资权利映射系统的变迁,系统的变迁有效改善了小微企业融资权利,贷款利率自由化进一步释放了小微企业信贷市场的活力,为小微企业信贷市场有效运行进一步创造了有利条件；权利映射系统在微观层面则是机构及其信息生产问题,不存在最先进的小微企业融资模式,机构只能依据自有的信息结构进行信息生产的分工向小微企业供给融资,通过机构的比较来看,都能取得较好的绩效,商业银行对小微企业融资供给路径也要遵循信息生产的原则。在货币资源的融资权利分析中发现并非货币资源的绝对量降低了小微企业融资可获得性,而是货币资源的分配以及小微企业信贷市场存在着不同的市场势力妨碍了小微企业融资权利的改善。最后研究表明,一个有效运行的信贷市场要优于政府的直接干预、补贴小微企业融资,政府的最佳作用不是干预、控制市场,而是要构建一个有效运行的小微企业信贷市场,从而改善小微企业融资权利。小微企业融资状况的改善需要多方面协调推进,培育与小微企业资源禀赋相关的要素市场,提高小微企业资源禀赋的变现能力以及流通性,继续推动金融机构多元化,提高金融市场竞争程度,创新并传播小额信贷技术都是改善小微企业融资的必要政策。
[Abstract]:Get rid of poverty, promote the growth of national wealth is the theme of economic development, it is not easy, often accompanied by poverty and famine, Sen put forward "study on famine rights method", almost negate the EAD of the famine, the right approach emphasizes the importance of social justice in the market, solve the famine and other disasters in the reality of small and micro enterprises experience. A financing "famine", "financing" reflects its strong financing demands.
In the view of the right method, micro enterprise financing rights and the main factors can be acquired for Small and micro businesses own resources of financing rights and monetary resources mapping system, these three factors in Small and micro businesses financing rights play different roles, resources to play a fundamental role in financing rights, mapping the system determines how many resources can be mapped to the monetary funds, allocation of monetary resources is affected by the scarcity of credit funds Small and micro businesses on the credit market.
In Small and micro businesses resources, current assets, fixed assets and other tangible resources of Small and micro businesses financing role than other resources, although the technology, production and operation ability, credit and other resources began to play a certain role in financing, which shows the transformation of Small and micro businesses financing conditions are in the right direction, but this improvement is relatively limited, the traditional "collateral" loans have been loosened, the Small and micro businesses financing rights to improve. In Small and micro businesses financing right mapping system, right mapping system to Small and micro businesses financing acquired has the most direct effect, the decision makers can achieve optimization Small and micro businesses financing right mapping system through the system of supply, with the optimization of financing rights mapping system, its flexibility is also constantly changing. Decision makers by torsion on Small and micro businesses The discrimination, diversification of financial institutions, financial institutions to cultivate Small and micro businesses financing supply ability to promote changes Small and micro businesses financing rights mapping system, system changes to effectively improve the Small and micro businesses financing rights, loan interest rate liberalization further release of the Small and micro businesses credit market vitality, as Small and micro businesses credit market run further create favorable conditions; it is right mapping system mechanism and information production problems at the micro level, does not have the most advanced Small and micro businesses financing institutions, only on the basis of the information structure in its own information production division to Small and micro businesses financing institutions, by comparison, can achieve better performance for commercial banks, Small and micro businesses financing supply path should also follow the principle of information production. That is not the source of money in financing rights in the analysis of monetary resources The absolute amount reduces the availability of financing for small and micro businesses, but the allocation of monetary resources and the different market power of small and micro enterprises credit market, which hampers the improvement of financing rights of small and micro businesses.
The study shows that an effective operation of the credit market to direct intervention is better than government subsidies, Small and micro businesses financing, government intervention is not the best effect, control the market, but to build an effective operation of Small and micro businesses credit market, so as to improve the Small and micro businesses financing rights. Small and micro businesses to improve the financing situation need more coordination to promote, foster and small micro enterprise resources related to market factors, improve Small and micro businesses resources of liquidity and liquidity, continue to promote the diversification of financial institutions, improve the level of financial market competition, innovation and dissemination of micro credit technology is to improve Small and micro businesses necessary financing policy.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.3;F275;F832.4

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