小微企业贷款的定价研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 04:35

本文关键词：小微企业贷款的定价研究　出处：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国市场经济地飞速发展,小微企业的规模也在不断地成长壮大。作为国民经济的中坚力量,小微企业能迅速适应市场变化,表现出了顽强的生命力。尽管小微企业发展势头强劲,但由于小微企业经营的确定性、战略的模糊性和经营能力的限制以及缺乏商业银行认可的抵押物,商业银行在对其贷款时往往心存顾虑,使小微企业的融资需求远未得到满足,这在很大程度上制约了小微企业的发展。特别是近年来,小微企业饱受外部经济环境带来的冲击。进一步压缩了原本就很低的利润空间,增加了融资难度和融资成本,加剧了小微企业的经营难度。为了提升小微企业的贷款竞争力,同时实现银行经营效益的最大化,就要针对目前国内小微企业贷款的特性,对银行资金配置进行优化,不断完善科学的贷款定价机制,从而提高银行的经营管理水平。通过贷款定价机制的不断完善,可以促进银行自主经营体制的提高,逐步满足市场经济发展的要求。因此如何制定适合小微企业的贷款定价模式,是商业银行需要思考的问题。本文首先介绍了小微企业贷款定价研究的意义和目标,并对国内外相关文献进行了综述。银行通过制定科学合理的贷款定价政策,有利于解决小微企业融资障碍,促进小微企业迅速发展,同时也有利于银行拓展小微企业融资业务,更加有助于国民经济的健康持续发展。然后阐述了小微企业贷款定价的理论基础,分别介绍了小微企业的定义、小微信贷的涵义和小微企业贷款定价机制的内涵。总结了小微企业贷款定价机制中目前存在的问题,即：缺乏市场化的基准利率、银行风险定价能力和管理能力薄弱、贷款定价模型缺乏实际操作性、贷款定价中资金来源与资金运用的不相匹配、贷款定价中存在行业差异和地域差异的问题。并分别对存在的问题提出了相应的解决措施。接着综述了基本的贷款定价模型,具体分析了成本导向型、市场导向型、客户导向型、RAROC的贷款定价模型。对模型中具体的参数进行了确定,即贷款基础成本率、风险溢价、调整因子和目标利润。最后结合小微企业的特殊性,对四种基本的贷款定价模型进行了评价,考虑到宏观调控政策对小微企业的影响特别明显,所以不能简单选用成本加成模型；而我国的货币市场还不够成熟,所以也不适宜采用市场导向型模型作为主导方法；客户导向型模型虽然具有一定的优势但设计还不够全面,所以最终确定出RAROC为适合小微企业的贷款定价模型。同时采用主成分分析法和聚类分析法建模对小微企业进行信用评级和违约率计算。并且对广东省中山市某服装厂进行了案例,论证了RAROC模型应用于小微企业贷款定价的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of market economy in China, the scale of small and micro enterprises is also growing. As the backbone of the national economy, small and micro enterprises can adapt to market changes quickly. Although the development momentum of small and micro enterprises is strong, but due to the certainty of the operation of small and micro enterprises, the ambiguity of strategy and the limitation of management ability, and the lack of collateral approved by commercial banks. Commercial banks often worry about their loans, so that the financing needs of small and micro enterprises are far from being satisfied, which to a large extent restricts the development of small and micro enterprises, especially in recent years. Small and micro enterprises suffer from the impact of the external economic environment. It further compacts the already very low profit space, increases the financing difficulty and financing cost, and exacerbates the operation difficulty of small and micro enterprises. In order to enhance the loan competitiveness of small and micro enterprises and realize the maximization of bank operating efficiency, we should optimize the allocation of bank funds according to the characteristics of domestic small and micro enterprises loans. Continuously improve the scientific loan pricing mechanism, thereby improving the management level of banks. Through the continuous improvement of loan pricing mechanism, we can promote the improvement of the independent management system of banks. Therefore, how to establish a loan pricing model suitable for small and micro enterprises is a problem that commercial banks need to consider. This paper first introduces the significance and goal of the research on the loan pricing of small and micro enterprises, and summarizes the relevant literature at home and abroad. The bank formulates a scientific and reasonable loan pricing policy. It is beneficial to solve the financing obstacles of small and micro enterprises, promote the rapid development of small and micro enterprises, and also help banks to expand the financing business of small and micro enterprises, which is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the national economy. Then, the theoretical basis of loan pricing for small and micro enterprises is expounded, and the definition of small and micro enterprises is introduced respectively. The meaning of small and micro credit and the connotation of loan pricing mechanism of small and micro enterprises. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the loan pricing mechanism of small and micro enterprises, that is, the lack of market-oriented benchmark interest rate. The risk pricing ability and management ability of banks are weak, the loan pricing model is lack of practical operation, and the source of funds and the use of funds do not match in loan pricing. There are industry differences and regional differences in loan pricing, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. Then it summarizes the basic loan pricing model and analyzes the loan pricing model of cost oriented market oriented and customer oriented RAROC. The specific parameters of the model are determined. That is, loan base cost rate, risk premium, adjustment factor and target profit. Finally, considering the particularity of small and micro enterprises, four basic loan pricing models are evaluated. Considering the impact of macro-control policies on small and micro enterprises is especially obvious, we can not simply choose cost addition model. But the money market of our country is not mature enough, so it is not suitable to adopt market-oriented model as the leading method. Although the customer-oriented model has some advantages, the design is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, RAROC is finally determined as the appropriate loan pricing model for small and micro enterprises. At the same time, the principal component analysis and cluster analysis are used to model the credit rating and default rate of small and micro enterprises, and the credit rating and default rate of small and micro enterprises are calculated. A case was carried out by a garment factory in Shanshan City. The feasibility and effectiveness of applying RAROC model to the pricing of small and micro enterprises are demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

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