金融发展背景下我国通货膨胀对城乡居民收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 21:09

本文选题：通货膨胀　切入点：城乡收入差距　出处：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放后,我国先后多次经历过了较大幅度的通货膨胀,而通货膨胀会造成城乡居民收入水平的相对变化,现阶段我国居民的住房、医疗、教育等经济负担越来越重,社会保障体系还不完善,这在一定程度上增加了我国居民收入和支出的不确定性。随着我国现阶段收入总水平的不断提升,城乡居民收入差距也在不断地扩大,目前通货膨胀和城乡居民收入分配差距这两个问题对我国经济高速发展和社会繁荣稳定的影响颇为深远,在某种程度上已经成为中国改革和发展的障碍。然而当前我国社会保障体系还不够健全,尤其是城镇和农村的社会保障体系存在着显著的差异,通货膨胀使城乡收入分配更不平等,贫富两极分化,引发社会矛盾。因此,深入研究通货膨胀对城乡居民收入差距的影响并解决好这一问题,不仅有利于我国经济的高速发展,还有利于社会的和谐稳定。在通胀时期,通货膨胀具有“劫贫济富”的再分配效应,虽然人们可以通过金融市场上的多种工具来抵御通货膨胀产生的负面影响,但是高收入的城镇居民和低收入的农村居民采取不同的规避手段会造成规避效果的差异。再加上长期以来,我国金融市场处于不发达的状态下,城乡金融具有显著的二元化特征,即城乡居民享受金融服务的门槛有差异：一方面农村居民在总量上所拥有的金融资产存量,尤其在人均金融资产总量上,与城市居民拥有的相比较存在着明显的差别；另一方面农村金融产品和服务项目单一,农村居民投资渠道较少。由于金融市场不完善的情况下不同阶层的收入群体抵御通货膨胀的效果会有所不同,金融市场的投资手段和工具在一定程度上对城乡居民的财富、收入水平等提出了门槛要求。因此应该根据当前我国金融发展的背景下分析并检验通货膨胀对城乡居民收入差距的影响,让人们清楚地了解到金融门槛存在的背景下两者之间的影响关系。本文的分析采用了理论加实证的研究方法。首先通过构建数理模型研究我国金融不断发展的背景下通货膨胀对城乡居民收入差距关系的影响作用,结果显示：在我国金融市场不发达的现实背景下,形成了规避通货膨胀的金融门槛,金融门槛的存在降低了农村居民规避通货膨胀的效果,扩大了城乡收入差距。其次在实证分析上,利用统计数据以城乡居民收入差距作为被解释变量,通货膨胀率、金融发展水平、城乡金融发展非均衡水平作为关键的解释变量,对外开放程度以及城镇化水平作为控制变量。通过实证发现：通货膨胀和城乡居民收入差距之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,而且通货膨胀CPI、金融发展水平FIR以及城乡金融发展非均衡水平均是城乡居民收入差距的格兰杰原因,也就是说通货膨胀、金融发展水平以及城乡金融发展非均衡水平的上涨都会在很大程度上加剧城乡居民之问的收入差距,最后根据理论和实证分析的结果再结合中国的实际情况,提出了为了缩小城乡居民之间的收入差距,首先要把全国物价稳定在较低水平,不能让通货膨胀率过快过大地上涨,其次要解决金融发展水平不断提高下城乡金融发展非均衡的问题,通过完善社会保障体系,引导城乡金融协调发展,尤其是完善农村金融服务体系以及推进农村金融机构的建设等有效措施来缩小城乡居民之间的收入差距。本文的创新主要分为三个部分：第一,研究视角的创新。从国内外研究的现状来看,大部分都只是单独地论述了通货膨胀或者金融发展的角度对城乡居民收入差距的影响,却忽视了在金融发展的背景下对这两者之间进行一定的研究分析,而这方面的相关文献研究也是十分缺乏的,本文选择新的视角也就是基于金融发展的背景下来研究通胀如何影响城乡居民收入差距,并结合我国不发达的金融市场背景,进行更加深入、透彻地分析,最后提出了相关政策建议。第二,研究方法的创新。国内有关通货膨胀对城乡居民收入分配差距影响的文章绝大多数都是做定性方面的研究,比较缺乏定量方面的分析,而本文通过构建数理模型,并运用计量经济学中的实证分析方法进行了相关分析,让人们对这些变量之间的关系理解得更加深入、透彻。第三,研究变量较为丰富,国内外有关通货膨胀对城乡居民收入差距影响的文章较少采用城乡金融非均衡发展水平作为其关键的解释变量,而本文考虑到了这个对城乡收入差距影响较大的变量,还加入了其他两个重要的控制变量,使得实证研究更为严谨。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, China has repeatedly experienced substantial inflation, and inflation will cause the relative changes of the income level of urban and rural residents, at the present stage of China's housing, medical care, education and other economic increasingly heavy burden, the social security system is not perfect, it has increased our income and spending less the uncertainty to a certain extent. With the income at the present stage of China's overall level rising, the urban-rural income gap is constantly expanding, the current inflation and the income gap between urban and rural residents of the two problems of China's economic rapid development and the prosperity and stability of society has a far-reaching influence, to a certain extent has become China reform and the development of the disorder. However China's current social security system is still not perfect, especially there is a significant difference between the urban and rural social security system, so that the city of inflation Rural income distribution is more inequal, polarization between the rich and the poor, causing social contradictions. Therefore, in-depth study of the impact of inflation on the income gap between urban and rural residents and solving this problem is not only conducive to the rapid development of our economy, but also to the harmony and stability of our society.
In the period of inflation, inflation has a redistributive effect of robbing the poor to the rich ", although it can negatively affect the financial markets through a variety of tools to resist inflation, but the high income of urban residents and low-income rural residents to avoid hand section differences caused by avoiding effect. And during a long period the financial market of our country, in the underdeveloped state, urban and rural finance has two yuan marked feature, namely the urban and rural residents to enjoy the threshold for financial services are different: rural residents have one hand on the total amount of the stock of financial assets, especially in the per capita total financial assets, compared with the city residents have existed the obvious difference; on the other hand, the rural financial products and services a single, rural residents' investment channels less. Because of different sectors of the financial market is not perfect under the conditions of the collection Into the group against inflation and the effect will be different, financial market investment tools and to a certain extent to the urban and rural residents wealth, raised the threshold requirements of income level. So we should according to our country's financial development under the background of current analysis and test the impact of inflation on the income gap between urban and rural residents, between let people clearly to understand the financial threshold under the background of the relationship between the two.
This paper adopts the research methods of theoretical and empirical effects. First, by constructing the mathematical model of the continuous development of China's financial background of inflation on income gap between urban and rural residents. The result showed that the realistic background in China's financial market is not developed, the formation of inflation of financial threshold, the existence of financial threshold to reduce the rural residents to avoid the effect of inflation, expanding the income gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, in the empirical analysis, using statistical data to the urban-rural income gap as explanatory variables, inflation rate, the level of financial development, rural financial development non balanced level as the key explanatory variables, opening degree and urbanization level as control variable. We find that there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between inflation and the urban-rural income gap, and CPI inflation, the level of financial development and financial development are non FIR urban and rural Hengshui is the average income gap between urban and rural residents Grainger reasons, that is inflation, the level of financial development and the rise in urban and rural financial development non balanced level will largely increase urban and rural residents of the income gap, according to theoretical and empirical analysis the results combined with the actual situation of Chinese, put forward to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, first of all to the national price stability at a low level, can not let the inflation rate rose too fast over the earth, and secondly to solve the financial development and constantly improve the level of urban and rural financial development non balanced, through the improvement of the social security system guide the coordinated development of urban and rural finance, especially the rural financial service system and promote the effective measures of rural financial institutions to reduce construction etc. Income gap between urban and rural residents.
The innovation of this paper is mainly divided into three parts: first, the innovation of research perspective. From the domestic and foreign research, most of them just individually discusses the impact of inflation or the perspective of financial development to the income gap between urban and rural residents, but neglected in the financial development under the background of the analysis between certain research however, relevant literature research in this area is very scarce, the new perspective is the financial development background of how inflation affects the urban-rural income gap based on, combined with China's underdeveloped financial market background, more in-depth and thorough analysis, finally puts forward relevant policy suggestions. Second, innovation research methods. The impact of domestic inflation on the urban-rural income gap is the most is to do qualitative research, lack of quantitative comparison The analysis in this paper, by constructing mathematical model, and use empirical econometric analysis methods of correlation analysis, the relationship between these variables allows people to understand more deeply and thoroughly. Third research variables are more abundant, fewer articles at home and abroad about the inflationary impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents with urban and rural finance the non balanced development level as the key explanatory variables, and considering the variables which have big influence on the urban-rural income gap, also joined the other two important control variables, the empirical research is more rigorous.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F224;F822.5;F124.7

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