基于信息不对称的中小企业贷偿模式管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 12:19

本文选题：中小企业融资 + 信贷配给　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中小企业是我国实体经济的坚实基础,在我国经济结构中有着举足轻重的地位,但融资困难长期以来极大的制约了中小企业的发展与壮大。近年来,宏观经济形势下滑,中小企业的发展更加举步维艰。另一方面,由于互联网金融的迅速崛起、民营银行的准入、利率市场化的层层推进等因素,使得商业银行也面临巨大的生存竞争压力。此时,发展中小企业贷款业务将会是商业银行挖掘利润的新源头,也会成为解决中小企业融资难问题的新契机。本文以商业银行的视角,从中小企业融资难的问题出发,主要从信息不对称与商业银行内部风险管理角度分析导致发生信贷配给的原因,发现商业银行无法针对中小企业的特质进行有效及时的风险管理调整是其对中小企业实施信贷配给的根源,充分发挥商业银行作为监管者的主观能动性,与中小企业形成一个信息无障碍流通的交换渠道是本文研究的立足点。论文接下来通过对比分析国内外针对中小企业融资难问题的研究与现状,再结合已有的两种贷偿模式,结合实际借贷环境,提出具有针对性的、能够满足商业银行提升市场竞争力的创新型贷偿模式——“零贷零偿”。针对企业不同的特质,结合成熟的贷偿模式进行灵活选择运用,从而能够扩大受理的客户群体的信用级别范围,同时仍然能够获得有效的风险控制,降低监管成本。希望通过研究能够将商业银行的角色重心由贷前转移为贷中与贷后,从而形成畅通的信息流交互渠道。本文通过对三种贷偿模式进行建模,运用计算实验的方法模拟商业银行与中小企业在贷偿关系中的动态交互决策行为,分别计算三种贷偿模式下企业的还款率与商业银行的效用情况。通过实验发现“零贷零偿”模式适用于当中小企业处于经营不稳定或是还款能力不明晰的情况下急需融资时使用,能够保证商业银行在不丢失客户的同时仍能够有效控制风险暴露；“整贷零偿”模式适用于与商业银行已经有较稳定关系或是基础较为夯实的中小企业客户开展融资业务,从而能够尽可能的满足客户的融资需求,提升客户的忠诚度。“整贷整偿”模式相较以上两种方式不具有明显优势。最后文章分析指出商业银行使用灵活贷偿模式的实践意义。
[Abstract]:Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the solid foundation of the real economy in our country and play an important role in the economic structure of our country. However, the difficulty of financing has greatly restricted the development and expansion of SMEs for a long time. In recent years, the macroeconomic situation is sliding, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is more difficult. On the other hand, due to the rapid rise of Internet finance, the entry of private banks, the promotion of interest rate marketization and other factors, commercial banks are also facing a huge pressure of survival and competition. At this point, the development of SMEs loan business will be a new source of commercial banks to tap profits, but also will become a new opportunity to solve the financing difficulties of SMEs. From the perspective of commercial banks, this paper analyzes the causes of credit rationing from the angle of information asymmetry and internal risk management of commercial banks. It is found that the failure of commercial banks to carry out effective and timely adjustment of risk management is the root of credit rationing for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the subjective initiative of commercial banks as regulators is brought into full play. It is the foothold of this paper to form an information-free exchange channel with small-and medium-sized enterprises. Next, through the comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign research on the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, combined with the existing two loan repayment models, combined with the actual lending environment, the paper puts forward targeted, The innovative loan repayment model, which can satisfy the commercial banks to enhance the market competitiveness, is zero loan and zero repayment. According to the different characteristics of the enterprise, combining with the mature loan repayment model to choose and apply flexibly, it can expand the range of the credit grade of the accepted customer group, at the same time, it can still obtain effective risk control and reduce the supervision cost. It is hoped that the role of commercial banks will be shifted from pre-credit to post-lending, so as to form a smooth channel of information flow interaction. In this paper, the dynamic interactive decision-making behavior between commercial banks and small and medium-sized enterprises in the relationship between loan repayment and commercial banks is simulated by modeling three kinds of loan repayment models. The repayment rate of enterprises and the utility of commercial banks are calculated respectively under the three loan repayment modes. Through the experiment, it is found that "zero loan and zero repayment" model is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises to use when they are in urgent need of financing when their business is unstable or their repayment ability is not clear. It can ensure that commercial banks can effectively control risk exposure while not losing customers. The "whole loan zero repayment" model can be applied to small and medium-sized enterprises which have a stable relationship with commercial banks or have a solid foundation to carry out financing business. In order to meet the financing needs of customers as much as possible, enhance customer loyalty. Compared with the above two ways, the whole loan and whole compensation model has no obvious advantage. Finally, the paper points out the practical significance of commercial banks using flexible loan repayment model.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

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